Passage Two
　　Is the customer always right? The answer, it seems, depends on which country you are in. Shopping is very much a part of a country’s culture, and attitudes to shopping and consumers vary from country to country just as much as climate or taste in food. From the air-conditioned American shopping centers to the street market of African towns, the way we shop shows the way we see ourselves and our relationships with other people.
　　Business competition in Europe has given consumers increased power. This has meant falling prices, plenty of special offers and a re-examination of what customer service really means. People often point to America as an example of excellent customer service. In restaurants in the south of the USA, for example, waiters compliment you on your clothes, ask about your day, compliment you on the wisdom of your order and then return every ten minutes to refill your glass and make sure that everything is to your satisfaction.
　　Anyone who has waited 30 minutes to be served in a restaurant might well dream of such attention, but do Europeans really want US style service? As a friend of mine once told me, “By the end of the evening I had spent as much time talking to the waiter as to my wife.” It is a question of expectations. Different nationalities expect different types of service.
　　A Chinese-American friend loves telling people about how her Chinese mother shops for clothes: “First of all she waits until they are on sale, then she bargains until she gets an even better price and then she finds some small fault with the product and demands a further reduction. She never buys anything at the regular price.” Could you imagine trying such tricks in a department store in your country?
　　Attitudes to service are, of course, affected by employers’ attitudes to their workers. As American sales and service personnel are heavily reliant on commission and tips, they have more motives to provide more service. But is this fair? Do we think it is fair to ask shop assistants to work late evenings, Sundays and 12 hour shifts? It might not be a case of “Is the customer always right?” but a case of “How much service is it fair to expect?”
　　36．The way people shop ________.
　　A．carries social and cultural values
　　B．reflects the developmental stage of a country
　　C．determines the way they socialize
　　D．reveals their social status
　　37．The word “compliment” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to “________”.
　　A．evaluate
　　B．criticize
　　C．laugh at
　　D．praise
　　38．The remarks of the author’s friend in Paragraph 3 indicate that Europeans ________.
　　A．think highly of the American service
　　B．find it impossible to accept the American service
　　C．do not appreciate the American service
　　D．will gradually accept the American service
　　39．Why does the author use the Chinese mother’s shopping experience as an example?
　　A．To warn shop assistants of tough customers.
　　B．To teach people how to get better service as customers.
　　C．To criticize some improper shopping behavior.
　　D．To show how different people’s expectations of service are.
　　40．According to the last paragraph, the service quality of American service personnel may depend on ________.
　　A．the customers’ attitude towards them
　　B．the amount of commission and tips
　　C．the length of their working hours
　　D．their working experience
　　Passage Three
　　Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job. The two people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 per cent of the job’s wages, its holidays and its other benefits. Of course, some job sharers take a smaller or larger share of the responsibilities of the position, receiving a lesser or greater share of the benefits.
　　Job sharing differs from conventional part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.
　　Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities.
　　As would be expected, women constitute the bulk of job sharers. A survey carried out in 1988 by Britain’s Equal Opportunities Commission revealed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence.
　　The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.
　　41．“Employee commitment” in Paragraph 2 refers to the employee’s ________.
　　A．qualification
　　B．loyalty
　　C．experience
　　D．achievement
　　42．Work sharing is different from job sharing in that ________.
　　A．it requires more working hours
　　B．it provides more work positions
　　C．it depends on the employer’s decision
　　D．it offers a more satisfactory salary
　　43．Job sharing is popular with young mothers mainly because ________.
　　A．they can take care of both work and family
　　B．they are over ideal working ages
　　C．they seek equal opportunities with men
　　D．they have difficulty finding full-time jobs
　　44．In job sharing the partners should ________.
　　A．be social equals
　　B．be intimate friends
　　C．know each other very well
　　D．have similar working experience
　　45．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.
　　A．recommend job sharing to women
　　B．discuss a way to tackle unemployment
　　C．criticize job sharing as inefficient
　　D．describe job sharing in general

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