Passage Four

     The girls in this sixth grade class in East Palo Alto, California, all have the same access to computers as boys.. But researchers say, by the time they get to high school, they are victims of what the researchers call a major new gender (性别) gap in technology. Janice Weinman of the American Association of University Women says, "Girls tend to be less comfortable than boys with the computer. They use it more for word processing rather than for problem solving, rather than to discover new ways in which to understand information."

     After re-examining a thousand studies, the American Association of University Women researchers found that girls make up only a small percentage of students in computer science classes. Girls consistently rate themselves significantly lower than boys in their ability and confidence in using computers. And they use computers less often than boys outside the classroom.

     An instructor of a computer lab says he's already noticed some differences. Charles Cheadle of Cesar Chavez School says, "Boys are not so afraid they might do something that will harm the computer, whereas girls are afraid they might break it somehow."

      Six years ago, the software company Purple Moon noticed that girls' computer usage was falling behind boys. Karen Gould says, "The number one reason girls told us they don't like computer games is not that they're too violent, or too competitive. Girls just said they're incredibly boring."

      Purple Moon says it found what girls want, characters they can relate to and story lines relative to what's going on in their own lives. Karen Gould of Purple Moon Software says, "What we definitely found from girls is that there is no intrinsic (固有的) reason why they wouldn't want to play on a computer; it was just a content thing."

     The sponsor of the study says it all boils down to this: the technology gender gap that separates the girls from the boys must be closed if women are to compete effectively with men in the 21 century.

51.  According to the passage, girls are victims of the gender gap in .technology because      

       A. they can not discover new ways to use computers

       B. they have the same access to computers as boys

       C. they are likely to be less comfortable with computers

       D. they can only use computers for word processing

52.  Girls often feel        

       A. bored with computer games

       B. comfortable using computers

       C. it hard to use computers in word processing

       D. worried about using computers

53.  The research on girls and computers is __________

        A. based on a few recent articles

        B. presented by one person

        C. based on thousands of studies

        D. not considered well grounded

54.  The software company seems to think          

        A. if girls had an equal chance of playing games, they would like computers

        B. if the software was more violent, girls would like it better

        C. if the software content was changed, girls would be more interested

        D. if the characters were funny, girls would like them better

55.  The gender gap needs to be closed because _________

       A. it isn't fair that boys are allowed to use computers all the time

       B. there isn't enough money for upgrading computers

       C. most of the causes may boil down to a question of money

       D. the ability to use computers is important in today's world