1.找出句中的错误并改正。
　　I want to go shop today．
　　分析与解答：go shopping意思是"买东西，购物"，它相当于 do some shopping. go +V-ing表示"去做某事"。如：so swimming去游泳，so boating去划船，go fishing去钓鱼，答案是将go shop 改为go shopping。

　　2.What can I do for you? ______.
　　A. Half a kilo bread
　　B. Half a kilo of bread
　　C. A kilo half bread
　　D. A kilo and a half
　　分析与解答 答案B 要表示"多少公斤某物"，则用…+kilo（s）+of + sth. 英语中 "一公斤"为a kilo，"半公斤"为half a kilo，"一公斤半'为a kilo and a half/ one and a half kilos, "两公斤"为 two kilos。选项中 B为正确．故选 B。

　　3. How ______ meat do you want?
　　A. many
　　B. much
　　C. about
　　D. old
　　分析与解答 答案 B how many之后接复数名词，how much后面跟不可数名词，meat不可数名词，所以选B。

　　4. 用适当的介词填空。
　　What do you usually have_______ lunch?
　　分析与解答：have sth. for breakfast/ lunch/ supper是固定短语，意思是"早饭/午饭/晚饭吃……"答案是for。

　　5 The shop near the school sells school things．（对划线部分提问）
　　分析与解答： near the school是介词短语作定语，因此用 which提问。答案是Which shop sells school things?

正误例析

　　1.其中有些东西很便宜。（东西为可数名词）
　　[误]：Some of them is very cheap.
　　[正]：Some of them are very cheap.
　　[析]：some代替可数名词作主语时，表示复数，主谓一致原则，谓语动词须用复数形式。

　　2. 店里的人非常友好。
　　[误]：The people in the shop is very friendly.
　　[正]：The people in the shop are very friendly.
　　[析]：the people作主语表示复数，本句的主语为the people, in the shop是修饰主语的，因此谓语动词be应该用are，而不是is。

　　3.有多少个香蕉在桌上？
　　[误]How many are there bananas on the table?
　　[正]How many bananas are there on the table?
　　[析]how many, how much中的many, much是形容词，常修饰名词作定语，故后面要跟名词。

　　4.有多少茶在桌上？
　　[误]How much tea are there on the table?
　　[正]How much tea is there on the table?
　　[析]how much修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。

解题策略

　　【例1】把下列句子译成英语。
　　1．这手提包多少钱？ 20美元。
　　2．你要买多少土豆？5个。
　　3．你要买多少豆腐？一公斤半。
　　4．你要买什么？我要买两公斤肉。
　　策略 以上句型都是"购物"时用到的。可数名词的"多少"用How many…？不可数名词的"多少"用 How much…？询问价格的"多少"用 How much…？服务员或营业员给顾客打招呼用Can I / May I help you？问句和答语中必须注意正确使用可数名词和不可数名词的数量形式。
　　答案 1．How much is the handbag？It's twenty dollars．
　　2．How many potatoes do you want（to buy）？Five，please．
　　3．How much tofu do you want（to buy）？One and a half kilos．
　　4．Can I help you？Thank you．I want two kilos of meat．
　　总结 句1．问价钱不能说how many或 M much money但可以说 How much do you want for it？或what's the price of it？dollar美元是可数名词。句2．中potato是可数名词，其复数形式是potatoes，用How many提问。句3．中tofu是不可数名词，不可加es构成复数形式，用How much提问。kilo用复数kilos（不是kiloes）。句4．不可译作What do you want（to buy）？给顾客打招呼的用语还有：What can I do for you? Is there anything I can do for you? Anything I can do for you?
　　【例 2】改正下面句子中的错误：
　　1．How much are these things? They are fifty yuan．
　　2．The supermarket sells lot of things likes food and school things．
　　3．My I borrow your ball pen？Sure. Give you．
　　策略 首先要理解句子意思，然后从句法和词法上进行分析。常见错误类型多是语法上的：主谓不一致，词类误用，搭配不当，不符合英文习惯等等。改错要从单词到短语逐项检查。
　　答案 1．How much are these thing？The are fifty yuan．
　　2．The supermarket sells a lot of things like food and school things．
　　3．May I borrow your ball pen？Sure. Here you are．
　　总结 句1．根据上下文应是问价格．故How much。汉语拼音yuan不用复数形式。句2．是搭配错误．英语中表"许多"的词有many（接可数名词复数）much（接不可数名词）a lot of（接可数名词复数或不可数名词）a lot of = lots of。句子的谓语是sells，动词like是"喜欢"，介词like是"像"，根据句意应用like像。like这儿相当于such as（例如）。句3. 在将对方所借的物品给出时，按英语习惯用Here you are．给你。

考试大编辑整理