现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于：现在分词表示“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动，只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。　

　　表示伴随

　　1. 分词作状语分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果（补充说明）、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。　　

　　补充说明

　　【例】 Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.

　　Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.

　　The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.

　　Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.

　　He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mother's illness.　　

　　分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。　　

　　【例】 Not shavings enough hands, we turned to them for help.(we don't have enough hands)　　

　　Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us)

　　Inspired by Leifeng, the people in China worked very hard to achieve their modernization.

　　____the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge. (CET-4 1996,6)

　　A) Having believed  

　　B) Believing 

　　C) Believed 

　　D) Being believed

　　本句意思为：相信地球是平的，许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系，及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。　　

　　No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences. (CET-4 1995, 6)

　　A)   performing  

　　B) performed  

　　C) to be performed  

　　D) being performed

　　本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演，可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，应该用过去分词，故答案为B.

　　____as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention. (CET-4 1996,1)　　A) Being published B) Published C) Publishing D) To be published　　

　　2)“while ( when, once, until, if , though等连词)＋分词”结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, until, if等连词。　　

　　【例如】When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us.

　　While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work.