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  　　第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 （每题1分，共8分）

　　阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项， 分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing

　　Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known，new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences．

　　Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep，as well as a number of other sleep problems，than people who sleep 8 hours a night．People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers．

　　These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside。more than 8 hours a night．He added that“it might be a good idea'’for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this．

　　Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more．

　　For the current report，Kripke reviewed the responses of 1，004 adults to sleep questionnaires，in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they experienced any sleep problems．Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night，arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep，and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning．

　　KriDke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours．In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed．As evidence，he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed．“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they’ll spend a higher percentage of time awake．”he said．

　　1. Paragraph 2 ___.

　　2. Paragraph 4___.

　　3. Paragraph 5___.

　　4. Paragraph 6___.

　　A. Keprike’s research tool

　　B. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep

　　C. Criticism on Kripke’s report

　　D. A way of overcoming insomnia

　　E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers

　　F. Classification of sleep problems

　　5．To get a good night’s rest，people may not need to ___.

　　6．Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to___.

　　7． One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night，unable to___.

　　8. One survey showed that people who habitually ___each night have a higher risk of dying．

　　A fall asleep again ．

　　B become more energetic the following day

　　C sleep less than 7 hours

　　D confirm those serious consequences

　　E suffer sleep problems

　　F sleep more than 8 hours

　　第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

　　第1篇

Some things we know about language

　　Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain SO．But some things we do know．

　　First，we know that all human beings have a language of some sort．There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language，no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one mother．Furthermore，in historical times，there has never been a race of men without a language．

　　Second，there is no such thing as a primitive language．There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped，who are，as we say，uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive．In all known 1anguages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing．

　　This has not always been well understood；indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated．Popular ideas of the 1anguage of the American Indians will illustrate．Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises．Study has proved this to be nonsense．There are，or were，hundreds of American Indian languages，and a11 of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with，but they are no more primitive five than English and Greek．

　　A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate．That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language．

　　Finally, we know that language changes．It is natural and normal for language to change；

　　the only languages which do not change are the dead ones．This is easy to understand if we look backward in time．Change goes on in all aspects of language．Grammatical features change as do speech sounds，and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly．Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language．

　　词汇：

　　race／n．种族

　　primitive／adj．原始的

　　uncivilized／adj．不开化的，落后的

　　complexity／n．复杂性，复杂现象

　　nonsense／n．胡说，没有根据的话

　　extensive／adj．广泛的

　　vocabulary／n．词汇

　　练习：

　　1． In the second paragraph the author thinks that

　　A)some backward race doesn’t have a language of its own．

　　B)some race in history didn’t possess a language of its own．

　　C)any human race，whether backward or not，has a language．

　　D)some races on earth call communicate without language．

　　2． According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have___ languages.

　　A)complicated

　　B)uncivilized

　　C)primitive

　　D)well—known

　　3．The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are

　　A)just as old as some well-known languages．

　　B)just as sophisticated as some well-known languages．

　　C)more developed than some well-known languages．

　　D)more complex than some well-known languages．

　　4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

　　A)A language is a means of expressing a particular culture．

　　B)All languages can well express their respective cultures．

　　C)American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English．

　　D)Some languages are better than other languages．

　　5． According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in

　　A)grammar．

　　B)pronunciation．

　　C)vocabulary．

　　D)intonation．