Kidney Disease and Heart Disease Spur Each Other

　　Hearts and kidneys: If one’s diseased, better keep a close eye on1 the other. Surprising new research shows kidney disease somehow speeds up heart disease well before it has ravaged the kidneys. And perhaps not so surprising, doctors have finally proven that heart disease can trigger kidney destruction, too.

　　The work, from two studies involving over 50,000 patients, promises to boost efforts to diagnose simmering kidney disease earlier. All it takes are urine and blood tests that cost less than $ 25, something proponents want to become as routine as cholesterol checks. 2 “The average patient knows their cholesterol,”says Dr. Peter McCullough, preventive medicine chief at Michigan’s William Beaumont Hospital. “The average patient has no idea of3 their kidney function.”

　　Chronic kidney disease, or CKD, is a quiet epidemic: Many of the 19 million Americans estimated to have it don’t know they do. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms aren't obvious until the organs are very damaged. End-stage kidney failure is rising fast, with 400,000 people requiring dialysis or a transplant to survive, a toll that has doubled in each of the last two decades, s

　　And while CKD patients often are terrified of having to go on dialysis, the hard truth is that most will die of heart disease before their kidneys disintegrate to that point, something kidney specialists have recognized for several years but isn't widely known, s Indeed, the new research is highlighted in this month's Archives of Internal Medicine with a call for doctors who care for heart patients to start rigorously checking out the kidneys, and for better care of early kidney disease. 7

　　The link sounds logical. After alla , high blood pressure and diabetes are chief risk factors for both chronic kidney disease and heart attacks. But the link goes beyond" those risk factors, stresses McCullough: Once the kidneys begin to fail, something in turn10 accelerates heart disease, not just in the obviously sick or very old, but at what he calls “a shockingly early age.” McCullough and colleagues tracked more than 37,000 relatively young people—average age 53 — who volunteered for a kidney screening. Three markers of kidney function were checked: The rate at which kidneys filter blood, called the GFR or glomerular filtration rate11; levels of the protein albumin in the urinei and if they were anemic. They also were asked about previously diagnosed heart disease.

　　The odds of having heart disease rose steadily as each of the kidney markers worsened. More striking was the death data. At this age, few deaths are expected, and indeed just 191 people died during the study period. But those who had both CKD and known heart disease had a threefold increased risk of death in a mere 2 1/2 years, mostly from heart problems. “This study is very much a wake-up call,” McCullough says.

　　练习：

　　1. How can one learn earlier whether he or she suffer simmering kidney disease?

　　A By cholesterol checks.

　　B By urine and blood tests.

　　C By keeping a close eye on one's kidneys.

　　D By measuring the volume of urine output.

　　2. How many Americans suffer chronic kidney disease according to an estimation?

　　A 1,9,000,000.

　　B 400,000.

　　C 50,000.

　　D 37,000.

　　3. How many Americans suffered end-stage kidney failure and required dialysis or a transplant to survive twenty years ago according to an estimation?

　　A 400,000.

　　B 300,000.

　　C 200,000.

　　D 100,000.

　　4. What did the Archives of Internal Medicine call for doctors caring for heart patients to do?

　　A To examine their patients' heart function carefully.

　　B To have their patients' chests X-ra Yed regularly.

　　C To select volunteers from their patients for a kidney screening.

　　D To start rigorously checking out their patients' kidneys.

　　5. Which of the following is NOT one of the three markers of kidney function?

　　A Levels of the protein albumin in the urine.

　　B Levels of the white blood cells in the blood.

　　C The rate at which kidneys filter blood.

　　D Whether one is anemic or not