Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society,a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought.after technologies.But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition.Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer,and technology parks are springing up all over.These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success.but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of flesh ideas.If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家),the argument goes,then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity.driven,flee and widely available will Suffer.Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.
Ⅵmile this debate continues.new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research networks,which bear famous names such as Helmholtz,Max Planck and Leibniz.Yet it is the fourth network,the Fraunhofer Society,that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.
Founded in 1949,the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organization for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 1 2,000 people.It continues to grow.Last year, it Swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin.Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asia.
31 What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?
A Technology transfer. B Good management C Hard work. D Fierce competition
32 Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research?
A It is free. B It is profit-driven. C It is widely available. D It is curiosity-driven.
33 The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organization for applied technology in
A Asia. B USA. C Europe. D Africa.
34 When was the Fraunhofer Society founded?
A In 1940. B Last year. C After the unification. D In 1949.
35 The word "expertise'' in line 3 could be best replaced by
"experts". B "scientists". . C "scholars". D "special knowledge".
小编推荐:
2012年职称英语考试试题及答案汇总
2012年职称英语考试成绩查询专题
2012各省职称英语考试成绩合格标准汇总
2012年全国职称英语考试成绩查询汇总
添加职称英语考试应用,试题免费做,课程免费听,考试答疑,考友交流,快来加入我们吧!
考试工具,免费应用助学习:
|
|
|
| 高清课程 |
---|
① 凡本网注明稿件来源为"原创"的所有文字、图片和音视频稿件,版权均属本网所有。任何媒体、网站或个人转载、链接转贴或以其他方式复制发表时必须注明"稿件来源:我考网",违者本网将依法追究责任;
② 本网部分稿件来源于网络,任何单位或个人认为我考网发布的内容可能涉嫌侵犯其合法权益,应该及时向我考网书面反馈,并提供身份证明、权属证明及详细侵权情况证明,我考网在收到上述法律文件后,将会尽快移除被控侵权内容。