My ninth-grade English teacher once told me that I had a “tardiness disease,” and frankly, I’m still offended. Being a few minutes late here and there hardly qualifies as a disease, especially considering that the class was before 7 a.m. and I had to get there using highly unreliable public transportation. Besides, there are people out there with real tardiness problems. Don’t we all have someone in our lives who’s chronically late? I’m talking about the friends and family members you have to give a thirty-minute to hour-long head start to anytime you want to hang out. We make concessions like these because we know they’re good and well-intentioned people, but that doesn’t explain why they often fail to show up on time, and why their bad behavior keeps repeating itself, despite their frequent apologies.www.Ｅxamda.CoM考试就到考试大
　　It’s tempting to write off chronically late people as being too self-involved, but it’s not as simple as that. In fact, some psychological theories point to a number of personality traits, including low self-esteem and anxiety, that can trigger constant tardiness.
　　Traits That Make Us Tardy
　　Some theorists believe that always being late is an inborn quality, and they may be right; after all, whether we’re early birds or night owls is partly biologically determined. Freudian adherents think it’s what happens when children who subconsciously want to rebel against their parents grow up and defy authority (authority being designated times, in this case). But other experts believe that certain individuals are chronically tardy because they actually benefit from the tendency, whether they realize it or not.
　　In the book Never Be Late Again: 7 Cures for the Punctually Challenged, author Diana DeLonzor suggests that numerous personality characteristics make lateness more likely:
　　* Feeling nervous or uncomfortable about social situations
　　* Liking the adrenaline surge that comes with rushing
　　* Blaming other circumstances, rather than oneself
　　* Struggling with self-control
　　* Having a hard time saying no and taking on too many obligations
　　* Wanting to feel more in control
　　* Getting distracted easily
　　Part of DeLonzor’s research into chronic tardiness included a study she performed at San Francisco State University in 1997. She gave 225 people personality tests and surveyed them about their tardiness habits. DeLonzor found that those who were often late tended to be more prone to anxiety and distraction. They also had lower self-esteem and self-control levels. In another part of the study, she had participants read a book, then stop themselves when they thought ninety minutes had passed. Not surprisingly, those who ran late most of the time stopped themselves well after the ninety-second mark.
　　The Fuel Behind the Bad Habit
　　DeLonzor dismisses the notion that people can go from being tardy to being on time easily, comparing the habit to overeating. She feels that, like overeaters, tardy folks constantly promise to change their ways but find themselves giving in again and again. Both cases are destructive, but still offer some kind of incentive that lures people back for more. In an overeater’s case, it’s the comfort associated with a certain food (or its deliciousness); for the chronically late, it depends on which of the above personality types someone classifies as. Those who crave excitement and the thrill of the chase might enjoy rushing constantly toward deadlines and appointments. Those who lack control or respect in other areas of their lives might feel more powerful knowing others are waiting on them.
　　The power-trip aspect of tardiness can be especially prevalent in the business world. A 2002 survey conducted by Proudfoot, a management consulting firm, showed that 2,700 CEOs polled arrive late for six out of ten meetings. No doubt, that’s partly a passive-aggressive way to emphasize their importance. But, as DeLonzor pointed out, that’s just one of many potential reasons. Michael J. Formica, MS, MA, EdM, a psychotherapist who blogs on Psychology Today’s Web site, thinks it has more to do with a lack of self-worth than anything: he believes lateness comes from people’s assuming they have little control in a situation, so they try to dominate it in a different way.
　　Both Proudfoot’s and Formica’s findings speak to the characteristics of the chronically tardy that DeLonzor put forth and, as with the rest of those traits, boil down to a matter of control, or lack thereof. When late people figure out why they crave such control, it becomes easier for them to manage and overcome the problem.
　　Dealing with the Late People in Our Lives
　　Once the chronically tardy figure out what’s driving them to show up late all the time (in other words, how it rewards them), they can work toward kicking the habit. Writing down how long daily tasks take, making it a goal to arrive places at least fifteen minutes early, setting up rewards for when you are on time, and not overscheduling yourself are recommended ways to begin the process.
　　But what about those of us who aren’t late all of the time but have tardy people in our lives—how do we deal with their bad habit? First, you should be honest (but not hostile) about the fact that the person’s chronic tardiness is a problem. If you always excuse it, she might never realize how her actions affect others. Chances are, her constant tardiness isn’t limited to spending time with you; it might be putting her job and other relationships in jeopardy, too. Try to help her find out what’s at the root of her lateness, but also let her know that the next time she’s late, you’re willing to wait for only so long. That might give her extra incentive to change.
　　If nothing else works, it’s okay to resort to giving someone a fake time once in a while, like telling a chronically late person to meet you at seven when you expect to meet at seven thirty. Sure, it’s enabling behavior, but if the alternative is waiting around for someone while the clock ticks slowly (and your frustration grows rapidly), I’d say it’s okay. After all, you’re not the one with a “tardiness disease.” (And neither am I, Ninth-Grade English Teacher.)