第一节 考点归纳
1. 常考知识点
(1) what 和that在引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句时的区别:what在从句中充当成分(主语、宾语或表语),而that在从句中不充当成分。
(2) 引导主语从句时只能用whether,不能用if。
(3) 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的句序应当是陈述句句序。
(4) 由从句做主语时,其后的谓语动词应当采用单数的形式。
(5) that引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别:that在它所引导的同位语从句中不充当成分,而在它所引导的定语从句中充当成分(主语、宾语、表语)。
(6) 引导定语从句时,关系代词和关系副词的区别。
(7) 引导定语从句时,that和which 的区别。
(8) 引导定语从句时whose的用法。
(9) as的用法。
2. 真题解析
例1:The fact which a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor does not mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage.(2002年)
此题答案是A。此题考点是同位语从句和定语从句的区别,应将which改成that。The fact后面的句子是同位语从句,而不是定语从句,因此只能用 that引导。
例2:That the woman was saying was so important that I asked everyone to stop talking and listen.(2000年)
此题答案是A。此题考点是what 和that在引导主语从句时的区别,应将that改成what。that在引导的名词性从句中不充当成分,而在这个主语从句里缺少was saying的宾语,因此,应当用what来引导。
例3: Thirteen hundred medical professionals,all of which have been trained to treat drug dependency,attended the annual convention sponsored by a society.(1999年)
此题答案是B。此题考点是引导定语从句时,whom和which 的区别,应将all of which改成all of whom。本题中定语从句所修饰的先行词是medical professionals(医学专家),因此,在这里不能用which引导定语从句。
例4:Vincent Van Gogh hilled himself when he was only 37,but he left behind him more than 2,000 paintings and drawings,that established his reputation in a way he would never have considered possible.(1998年)
此题答案是C。此题考点是引导定语从句时,that和which 的区别,应将that改成which。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
例5:According to Maxwell Malt,our successes and failures depend largely on our own conception of ourselves,namely,how do we see ourselves.(1998年)
此题答案是C。此题考点是名词性从句的句序应当是陈述句句序,应将how do改成how。在这里,how we see ourselves是our own conception的同位语,都是介词on的宾语。
例6:The police finally caught up with the man whom they thought was the escaped prisoner.(1997年)
此题答案是C。此题考点是引导定语从句时who和whom 的区别,应将whom改成who。whom 在引导的从句中只能充当宾语,不能充当主语,因此,在这里应该用who做was the escaped prisoner的主语,they thought是插入语。
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