Understanding the Project Environment
　　理解项目环境
　　Virtually all projects are planned and implemented in a social, economic, and environmental context, and have intended and unintended positive and/or negative impacts. The project team should consider the project in its cultural, social, international, political, and physical environmental contexts.
　　几乎所有的项目都是在某种社会、经济和环境的条件下对之进行规划与付诸实施的，因此都会产生意料之中的和未曾意料的积极和消极影响。项目团队应当将项目置于其所处的文化、社会、国际、政治和自然的环境及其同这些环境之间的关系中加以考虑。
　　Cultural and social environment. The team needs to understand how the project affects people and how people affect the project. This may require an understanding of aspects of the economic, demographic, educational, ethical, ethnic, religious, and other characteristics of the people whom the project affects or who may have an interest in the project. The project manager should also examine the organizational culture and determine whether project management is recognized as a valid role with accountability and authority for managing the project.
　　文化与社会环境。项目团队需要理解项目与人们之间是如何相互影响的。要做到这一点，也许要求理解项目影响或对其有利害关系人群的经济、人口、教育、道德、种族、宗教状况，以及其他特征。项目经理还应当研究组织文化并确定组织是否已经承认管理该项目是有正当手续的，可以向各方面说明情况并获得了管理权限的角色。
　　International and political environment. Some team members may need to be familiar with applicable international, national, regional, and local laws and customs, as well as the political climate that could affect the project. Other international factors to consider are time-zone differences, national and regional holidays, travel requirements for face-to-face meetings, and the logistics of teleconferencing.
　　国际与政治环境。某些团队成员需要熟悉相应的国际、国家、地区和当地的法律和习惯，以及可能影响本项目的政治气候。需要考虑的其他国际因素是举行面对面会议时的时区差别、国家与地区节假日、旅行出差要求与电话会议的后勤保证问题。
　　Physical environment. If the project will affect its physical surroundings, some team members should be knowledgeable about the local ecology and physical geography that could affect the project or be affected by the project.
　　自然环境。如果项目影响到自然环境，某些团队成员应当具备有关能够影响本项目或受本项目影响的当地生态系统与地理的知识。

软考站考试大编辑推荐:
2009年全国计算机软件水平考试报名信息汇总	2009年软考重大变革系统分析师下半年停考
2009年上半年全国计算机专业技术资格考试安排	2009年下半年全国计算机专业技术资格考试安排
2008年12月全国计算机软考水平考试真题及答案	2008年12月全国计算机软件水平考试成绩查询
2009年全国计算机软考考试大纲汇总
更多优质资料尽在考试大论坛 考试大在线题库