（1）
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
The 1960s saw the great civil rights movement whose goals were to end segregation (各族隔离) laws completely and fight for the equal rights for the colored people. Many American blacks began to have a new mood. They declared that “black is beautiful”, and the black community showed signs of unprecedented self-confidence. (46)Equally important, many black leaders began to disclaim full integration into the American mainstream as the goal of the black minority. (47)Instead, they argued, blacks ought to coexist with other groups in a plural society containing different and distinctive communities living in mutual respect.
The elimination of legal barriers to advancement has been a major gain for the blacks, but institutionalized discrimination is still rife. Housing, in particular, remains highly segregated: the great majority of blacks continue to live in neighborhoods that are overwhelmingly black, and most whites live in neighborhoods that are overwhelmingly white. (48)Busing and other programs aimed at integrating the schools have had some impact in innercity areas but have made virtually no difference to the segregation that exists between the predominantly black urban centers and the predominantly white suburbs and small towns that surround them. Median family income f blacks rose from $ 3,230 in 1960 to $ 10,142 in 1977, but the median income of white families rose at least as fast, and the income gap between the two groups has widened in recent years. (49) A major source of this differential is the fact that blacks tend to be barred from positions of authority over other workers, and are restricted instead to lower-paying jobs further down the work-place hierarchy. This factor alone accounts for about a third of the total black-white income gap.
(50)Race relations between black and white still leave much to be desired, although there is unmistakable evidence of some improvements in attitudes. However, there is a sharp divergence between the races on the question of how much progress has been made in ending discrimination. The majority of whites believe that there has been a lot of progress in getting rid of discrimination, but more than half of the blacks felt that there has not been much real change. Only less than 20% of the whites believe that many blacks miss out on jobs and promotion in their city because of discrimination. Many blacks are still pessimistic about progress in race relations.
【参考译文】
46. 同样重要的是，许多黑人领袖开始主张放弃把完全融入美国主流社会作为黑人少数民族奋斗的目标。
47. 相反，他们主张，黑人应该与其他民族共存，生活在一个各种不同社会群体包容其中、并且相互尊重的多元社会中。
48. 为促进校园种族融合的汽车接送和其他计划在市区内取得了一定效果，但对存在于主要由黑人居住的城市中心和主要由白人居住的郊区及卫星城市之间的种族隔离几乎没有起到任何作用。
49. 这种差别的主要来源是，黑人往往被排斥在管理其他工人的领导职位之外，并被限制在劳动等级制度下的低收入职业。
50. 黑人与白人的种族关系仍然有许多可望改善的地方，虽然有显著的证据表明在看法上有一定的提高。
