（2）
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
As I understand it, a human being cannot tell a lie, even a small one, without setting off a kind of smoke alarm somewhere deep in a dark part of the brain, resulting in the sudden discharge of nerve impulses, or the sudden outpouring of neurohormones of some sort, or both. (46)The outcome, recorded by the lie detector, is a highly reproducible picture of changes in the electrical conductivity of the skin, the heart rate, and the manner of breathing, similar to the responses to various kinds of stress.
Lying, then, is stressful, even when we do it for protection, or relief, or escape, or profit, or just for the pure pleasure of lying and getting away with it. (47)It is a strain, distressing enough to cause the emission of signals to and from the central nervous system warning that something has gone wrong. It is, in a pure physiological sense, an unnatural act.
(48)Now I regard this as a piece of extraordinarily good news, meaning, unless I have it all balled up, that we are a moral species by compulsion, at least in the limited sense that we are biologically designed to be truthful to each other. Lying doesn’t hurt, mind you, and perhaps you could tell lies all day and night for years on end without being damaged, but maybe not—maybe the lie detector informs us that repeated, inveterate untruthfulness will gradually undermine the peripheral vascular system, the sweat glands, the adrenals, and who knows what else. (49)Perhaps we should be looking into the possibility of lying as a responsible agent for some of the common human discomforts still beyond explaining, recurrent head colds, for instance, or that most human of all unaccountable disorders, a sudden pain in the lower mid-back.
(50)It makes a sort of shrewd biological sense, and might therefore represent a biological trait built into our genes, a feature of humanity as characteristic for us as feathers for birds or scales for fish, enabling us to live, at our best, the kinds of lives we are designed to live. Biologically speaking, there is good reason for us to restrain ourselves from lying outright to each other whenever possible. We are indeed a social species, more interdependent than the celebrated social insects; we can no more live in solitary life than can a bee; we are obliged, as a species to rely on each other. Trust is a fundamental requirement for our kind of existence, and without it all our linkages would begin to snap loose.
【参考译文】
46. 测谎器所记录下的结果是一幅极易复制的画面，它显示了皮肤导电性、心率和呼吸方式所发生的变化，这些与各种压力引起的反应相似。
47．它是一种紧张，其苦恼能导致机体向中央神经系统来回发出信号，警告它已经出错。
48．我将这视为一则令人振奋的好消息，我的意思是，如果我没有把这一切搞错的话，我们人类是一种强制形成的道德物种，至少在狭义上讲是这样，即我们的生理设计使我们相互诚实。
49．也许我们应该研究一下，是否有可能将撒谎视为常见的、但至今仍无法解释的人类不适症的病因，比如反复的头伤风，或者那些人类最流行的不解病症，背下部的阵痛。
50.这种情况有一种很机灵的生理意义，因此可能代表了置入我们基因的一种生理特性，一种我们特有的人性特征，像鸟长羽毛、鱼长鱼鳞一样，使我们能够在最佳状态时过我们的生理构造所规定的那种生活。
