1. 词义的推测
1) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. （1997年）
2) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. （1995年）
1) 【参考译文】有些哲学家论证认为，权利【省去最后一个权力】作为与责任相交换的一部分，只存在社会契约中。
2) 【参考译文】例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公，因此它们不能说明一个贫穷且社会地位低下的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。【补、分】
2. 代词的翻译
代词是语篇连贯的一种重要手段，因此句子里的代词和上下文中的指代关系是测试的一个重点。翻译时，可以通过上下文、上下文逻辑关系和语法来确定代词的具体指代。
1) Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they’re essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. （2002年）
2) [Inflation says that very early on, the universe expanded in size by more than a trillion trillion trillion trillionfold in much less than a second, propelled by a sort of antigravity]. Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.（1998年）
1) 【参考译文】自由和尊严(它们)为传统理论上的自主（自我管理）人所拥有，在一个人要对自己的行为负责并因其成就而给予荣誉的环境[习俗？]中，它们必不可少的前提【补】。
2) 【参考译文】宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但却是基本粒子物理学中某些受人推崇的理论以科学方式做出【补】的可信推论。过去七八年来，许多天体物理学家已经认为这一论说是正确的。
3. 定语从句的翻译
1) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. （2003年）
2) Tylor defined culture as "... that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society." （2003年）
3) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. （2003年）
4) However the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. （2003完型部分）
1)【参考译文】社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。
2)【参考译文】泰勒把文化定义为“一个复合体”，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯。
3)【参考译文】而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想像。
4)【参考译文】但是，典型的青少年生活方式中已经充满了许多竞争，因此策划一些胜者多败者少的活动是明智的。例如：出版时事通讯时加入学生写的书评，展示学生的手工制品，发起读书讨论俱乐部。
