2009年考研英语英译汉真题解析
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. ( 10 points )
There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of association. (46) It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Every today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world’s work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.
But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. (48) While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. (49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life, we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability. If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.
(50) We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education—that of direct tuition or schooling. In underdeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group.
【参考译文】
46．可以说，要衡量任何社会制度的价值，就要看它对扩大和改进知识技能方面的影响，但是这种影响并不是其原来动机的一部分。
47．这种制度伴随产生的影响只有逐步得到认识；而这种制度实施所带来的指导作用则要化更长的时间来逐步得到认识。
48．虽然在与年轻人接触的时候，我们容易忽略我们对他们秉性造成的影响；但是也不像与成年人打交道那么简单。
49. 既然我们的主要任务在于使年轻人参与共同生活，我们就不能不考虑我们是否能形成这种力量以确保我们具有（实现这个任务的）能力。
50．因此，在目前为止所考虑的宽泛教育过程的范围内，得以使我们区分一种更正规的教育，即直接指导或学校教育。
