1.提单的定义与关系人
海运提单(Marine Bill of Lading or Ocean Bill of Lading),或简称为提单(Bill of Lading, B/L),是国际结算中的一种最重要的单据。《汉堡规则》给提单下的定义是:Bill of lading, means a document which evidences a contract of carriage by sea and the taking over or ling of the s by the carrier, and by which the carrier undertakes to deliver the s inst surrender of the document. A provision in the document that the s are to be delivered to the order of the document. A provision in the document that the s are to be delivered to the order of a named person, or to order, or to bearer, constitutes such an undertaking.《中华人民共和国海商法》(1993年7月1日施行)第71条规定:“提单,是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船,以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。提单中载明的向记名人交付货物,或者按照指示人的指示交付货物,或者向提单持有人交付货物的条款,构成承运人据以交付货物的保证。”
提单的主要关系人是签订运输合同的双方:托运人和承运人。托运人即货方,承运人即船方。
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