1. You are employed by a federal agency and are managing a 3-year project with a $3 million budget. If project requirements change, you expect additional funds to become available toward the end of each fiscal year. You may use these funds for your project. You decide to establish a cost change control system to
Define when to add contingency funds to the project
Define the procedures by which the cost baseline may by changed
Determine why a cost variance has occurred
Determine whether a budget update is required

你受雇于一个联邦机构来管理一个为期3年，预算达300万美元的项目. 如果项目有变更需要，你就需要在每个财政年度的年度有更多的资金注入. 你可以在你的项目中使用这些资金. 你决定要建立一个成本变更控制系统，是为了
明确什么时候向项目添加应急资金
明确定义变更成本基线的程序
判断成本变动发生的原因
判断是否需要修改预算

2. You are managing the construction of a highly sophisticated, technologically complex, intruder-impenetrable data center in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. The center will house more than 500 servers for one of the world’s largest retailers who has decided to launch an e-business program in Asia. Although this location offers significant economic advantages, the threat of typhoons has caused you to create a backup plan to operate out of Manila in case the center is flooded. What type of risk response is this?
a. Passive avoidance
b. Mitigation
c. Active acceptance
d. Deflection

你正在巴布亚新几内亚的波特摩斯比管理一个很精密而且技术上很复杂的数据库侵入屏蔽项目. 这个数据中心要为一家零售商提供500台服务器的容纳量，而这家零售商是世界最大的零售商之一，且它决定要在亚洲启动电子商务项目. 尽管这一地区具备难得的经济优势，但迫于台风的威胁你还是准备了一套备用计划，即在这个数据中心遭洪水侵袭时，要改在马尼拉外围实施项目. 这属于哪种类型的风险反应？
被动规避
缓解风险
积极面对
偏转避险

3. You are preparing a project plan. You have identified a key subject matter expert. Her experience will be invaluable to project success. But you do not know when she will be available to support the project. Therefore, you have assumed a start date. This shows that assumptions generally involve some risk because they
Are based on lessons learned
May not have any historical precedent
Involve factors that limit the project management team’s options
Involve factors that are considered true, or certain

你正在准备一个项目计划. 你已经找到了一个项目关键问题的专家. 她的经验将对项目的成功产生不可估量的价值. 但是你不知道她什么时候能来支持你的项目. 因此，你只能先假设了项目开始时间. 这表明假设一般也会包含一些风险因素，因为它们
是在吸取以往教训的基础上做出的
可能 是史无前例的
包括了一些限制项目管理团队选择空间的因素
包括了一些经过深思熟虑的正确的、实际的或者确定的因素

4. You recently completed a major environmental remediation project involving the disposal of hazardous waste from a local power plant. Your client accepted the work, and your company has been paid. The project has been closed officially for more than 6 weeks. Now you are working on a new project that happens to be located at the same local power plant. While working on the new project, you discovered a possible flaw in the disposal system that was delivered for the earlier project. You reviewed drawings for that project and discovered that they are incomplete. No one else has confirmed your concerns. You do not believe and problems will be apparent for about 5 year, if ever. In this situation, you should
Do nothing because the project is complete and the customer accepted the work based on its own independent inspection
Alert your management to the situation, both orally and in writing, and request that someone else confirm your findings
Contact the customer directly and inform it of the potential problem so that it can modify your contract to correct the problem
Enhance your quality assurance and project review system immediately for future project.

你最后完成了一个涉及当地发电站有害废物处理的大型环境补救项目. 你们的客户验收了你们的工作，你们公司也得了付款. 项目正式结束有6个多星期了. 现在你从事的新项目正好还是在那个相同的当地的发电站进行. 在实施新项目的时候，你发现前一个已交付使用的项目的处理系统可能存着缺陷. 你重新查看了原来项目的图纸，发现它的确实是不完善的. 但没有人认同你的担心. 而你认为在5年之内也不会出现明显的问题. 在这种情况下，你应该
什么也不要做，因为这个项目已经结束了，而且客户也经他们自己的独立检查将项 目验收通过了
同时以口头和书面两种形式向你的主管通告这种情况，并找别人来的发现
直接同客户取得联系，通知他们这个潜在的问题以修改你们的合同来纠正问题
在未来的项目中马列上完善你们的质量保证和项目回顾系统

5. Because you were a finance major in college, you have been asked to be an active participant in your company’s project selection process. The project selection committee chair has asked you to describe ground rules and possible approaches for project selection. You know that organizations usually will not approve a project if its costs exceed its benefits, so you recommend using a discounted cash-flow approach. This approach is based in part on the economic theory that a dollar today generally is worth more that a dollar a year from now. Using this approach, the project is acceptable if the
a. Sum of the net present value of all estimated cash flow during the life of the project equals the profit
b. Net present value of the inflow is greater than the net present value of the outflow by a specified amount or percentage
c. Gross present value of all future expected cash flow divided by the initial cash investment is greater than one
d. Payback period occurs by the second year of the project.

由于你在大学学的是金融学专业，所以公司要求你要积极参与公司的项目选择过程. 项目选择委员会的主席要你介绍一些项目选择的基本规则和可行的方法. 你知道那个组织通常不会批准成本会超出收益的项目，因此你推荐了折现的现金流量法. 这种方法是以今天的1美元通常要比1年后的1美元更有价值的经济理论为基础的. 根据这种方法，项目在下列哪种情况下才能被接受
项目生命周期内估计的现金流量的净现值总和等于收益
现金流入的净现值出现金流出的净现值一定数量或比例
全部未来预期现金流量的现值总和除以项目初始现金投资结果大于1
回收期出现在项目的第二年

6. Your company is establishing a cost of quality approach to determine the relative importance of its quality problems and to identify major opportunities for cost reduction. Your company believes this approach can help is evaluate its success in achieving quality objectives. When setting up this approach, you were asked to categorize four types of costs: prevention, appraisal, internal failure, and external failure. As you examine the cost of quality, however, you realize that training and its associated costs have become a major factor. Training costs are include in which one of the following areas?
Prevention costs
Appraisal costs
Internal failure costs
External failure costs

你们公司正在设立一个质量成本来判断质量问题的相对性，并以此来识别降低成本的主要途径. 你们认为这个方法有助于评估项目质量目标的实现程序. 这个方法启用后，公司要你将成本分为四类：预防成本、评估成本、内部不合格成本和外部不合格成本. 然后当你检查质量成本的时候，你发现培训及相关费用也是一个主要的影响因素. 培训成本被下列哪个方面之中？
预防成本
评估成本
内部不合格成本
外部不合格成本

7. Your organization is characterized by hierarchical organizational structures with rigid rules and policies and strict supervisory controls. Individual team members are not expected to engage in problem solving or use creative approaches to plan and execute work. But because a lot of company work involves crisis situations, this authoritarian management style has some benefits. Your organization is characterized by which one of the following theories?
Oucchi’s Theory
McGregor’s Theory X
Maslow’s self-esteem level
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory

你们公司是一家规则政策严格、监督控制严密而又等级森严的公司. 公司要求单独的团队成员不能独自解决问题或者采取什么创新性的方法来计划或执行工作. 但是，由于许多公司的工作都要涉及到很紧急的时刻，这种独裁的管理风格也还有些好处. 你们公司的特征符合下列哪种理论的说法？
奥齐理论
麦克格雷格X理论
马列洛的自重水平
沃鲁姆的期望理论