TNS-00510 Internal limit restriction exceeded
Cause Too many files or sockets open simultaneously (or some other resource has been
depleted).
Action For further details, trace the operation for protocol details.
TNS-12500 TNS:listener failed to start a dedicated server process
Cause The process of starting up a dedicated server process failed. The executable could not be found or the environment may be set up incorrectly.
Action Turn on tracing at the ADMIN level and re-execute the operation. Verify that the
Oracle Server executable is present and has execute permissions enabled. Ensure that the Oracle environment is specified correctly in LISTENER.ORA. The Oracle Protocol Adapter
that is being called may not be installed on the local hard drive. Check that the
correct Protocol Adapter are successfully linked. If the error persists, contact Oracle Customer Support.
TNS-12540 TNS:internal limit restriction exceeded
Cause Too many TNS connections open simultaneously.
Action Wait for connections to close and retry.
TNS-12560 TNS:protocol adapter error
Cause A generic protocol adapter error occurred.
Action Check addresses used for proper protocol specification. Before reporting this
error, look at the error stack and check for lower level transport errors.For further details, turn on tracing and re-execute the operation. Turn off tracing when the operation is complete.
问：进程的数量会引起监听器错误吗？
TNS-12500: TNS:listener failed to start a dedicated server process
TNS-12540: TNS:internal limit restriction exceeded
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00510: Internal limit restriction exceeded
IBM/AIX RISC System/6000 Error: 11: Resource temporarily unavailable

我们在监听器日志中发现如上的错误信息。服务器上每个用户的最大进程数量被设置600 Oracle中的最大进程数量为600。进程最大的利用率是482，每个会话的最大利用率是490。会话的数量设置为840。

根据我所了解的，看起来进程的数量是没有问题的。我们通过在这个机器上无法正确建立内存分页空间而对此进行了证实，然而，一些人仍然告诉我们要在起始的时候增加进程的数量。我不同意这个观点。我遗漏了什么吗？

答：TNS-510错误信息显示了有太多的文件或者socket同时开放了（或者是其他一些资源耗尽了）。这是操作系统的限制，不是Oracle的限制。你需要确认你的AIX平台可以处理你在服务器上开放的这么多的文件。这是“全部”文件，并不仅仅是Oracle数据库文件。并且，你还需要确认你的AIX服务器可以正确处理全部数量的Oracle进程，而不仅仅是专用的服务器进程。Oracle的起始参数PROCESSES限制了专用的服务器进程数量。但是还有后台的进程（SMON, PMON, LGWR等），以及支持并行语句的进程，更不用说你的监听器等了。我觉得你应该配置AIX来允许每个Unix用户拥有更多的进程。

总结：TNS-12500，TNS-12540，TNS-12560，TNS-00510解决过程

一 环境：
1 平台： IBM AX360,4G内存 windows 2k advServer sp3 + oracle 816 独占模式
2 内存分配相关参数
 
..processes................=.1000
..shared_pool_size.........=.240000000
..large_pool_size..........=.614400
..java_pool_size...........=.32768
..db_block_buffers.........=.90000
..db_block_size............=.4096
..log_buffer...............=.163840
..log_checkpoint_interval..=.10000
..sort_area_size...........=.65536
..sort_area_retained_size..=.65536
..open_cursors.............=.100
..job_queue_processes......=.4
..job_queue_interval.......=.10
..max_dump_file_size.......=.10240

3 最大并发用户数：850个左右

二 故障现象：
当用户数达到一定的数量时(700多)客户端连接服务器时报ora-12560