如何监控Oracle索引的使用完全解析

来源:Oracle认证    发布时间:2012-11-12    Oracle认证视频    评论

研究发现,oracle数据库使用的索引不会超过总数的25%,或者不易他们期望被使用的方式使用。通过 监控数据库索引的使用,释放那些未被使用的索引,从而节省维护索引的开销,优化性能。

1、在oracle8i中,确定使用了那个索引的方法意味着要对存在语共享SQL区中的所有语句运行EXPLIAN PALN,然后查询计划表中的OPERATION列,从而识别有OBJECT_OWNER和OBJECT_NAME列所确定的那个索引上的索引访问。

下面是一个监控索引使用的脚本,这个脚本仅仅是一个样品,在某种条件下成立:

条件:

运行这个脚本的用户拥有权限解释所有的v$sqlarea中的sql,除了不是被SYS装载的。plan_table.remarks能够别用来决定与特权习惯的错误。对所有的共享池中SQL,参数OPTIMIZER_GOAL是一个常量,无视v$sqlarea.optimizer_mode。两次快照之间,统计资料被再次分析过。没有语句别截断。所有的对象都是局部的。所有被引用的表或视图或者是被运行脚本的用户所拥有,或者完全有资格的名字或同义词被使用。自从上次快照以来,没有不受"欢迎"的语句被冲洗出共享池(例如,在装载)。对于所有的语句,v$sqlarea.version_count = 1 (children)。

脚本:

  Code: [Copy to clipboard]  set echo off  Rem Drop and recreate PLAN_TABLE for EXPLAIN PLAN  drop table plan_table;  create table PLAN_TABLE (  statement_id     varchar2(30),  timestamp      date,  remarks       varchar2(80),  operation      varchar2(30),  options        varchar2(255),  object_node     varchar2(128),  object_owner     varchar2(30),  object_name     varchar2(30),  object_instance    numeric,  object_type     varchar2(30),  optimizer      varchar2(255),  search_columns     number,  id            numeric,  parent_id        numeric,  position        numeric,  cost        numeric,  cardinality        numeric,  bytes        numeric,  other_tag      varchar2(255),  partition_start   varchar2(255),  partition_stop   varchar2(255),  partition_id    numeric,  other        long,  distribution    varchar2(30),  cpu_cost        numeric,  io_cost        numeric,  temp_space        numeric,  access_predicates  varchar2(4000),  filter_predicates  varchar2(4000));    Rem Drop and recreate SQLTEMP for     taking a snapshot of the SQLAREA  drop table sqltemp;  create table sqltemp  (  ADDR         VARCHAR2 (16),  SQL_TEXT         VARCHAR2 (2000),  DISK_READS        NUMBER,  EXECUTIONS        NUMBER,  PARSE_CALLS     NUMBER);    set echo on  Rem Create procedure to populate     the plan_table by executing  Rem explain plan...for 'sqltext' dynamically  create or replace procedure do_explain (  addr IN varchar2, sqltext IN varchar2)  as dummy varchar2 (1100);  mycursor integer;  ret integer;  my_sqlerrm varchar2 (85);  begin dummy:='EXPLAIN PLAN     SET STATEMENT_ID=' ;  dummy:=dummy||''''||addr||''''    ||' FOR '||sqltext;  mycursor := dbms_sql.open_cursor;  dbms_sql.parse(mycursor,dummy,dbms_sql.v7);  ret := dbms_sql.execute(mycursor);  dbms_sql.close_cursor(mycursor);  commit;  exception -- Insert errors into     PLAN_TABLE...  when others then my_sqlerrm :=    substr(sqlerrm,1,80);  insert into plan_table(statement_id,    remarks) values (addr,my_sqlerrm);  -- close cursor if exception     raised on EXPLAIN PLAN  dbms_sql.close_cursor(mycursor);  end;  /    Rem Start EXPLAINing all S/I/U/D     statements in the shared pool  declare  -- exclude statements with     v$sqlarea.parsing_schema_id = 0 (SYS)  cursor c1 is select address, sql_text,     DISK_READS, EXECUTIONS, PARSE_CALLS  from v$sqlarea  where command_type in (2,3,6,7)  and parsing_schema_id != 0;  cursor c2 is select addr,     sql_text from sqltemp;  addr2     varchar(16);  sqltext    v$sqlarea.sql_text%type;  dreads     v$sqlarea.disk_reads%type;  execs     v$sqlarea.executions%type;  pcalls     v$sqlarea.parse_calls%type;  begin open c1;  fetch c1 into addr2,sqltext,    dreads,execs,pcalls;  while (c1%found) loop  insert into sqltemp values    (addr2,sqltext,dreads,execs,pcalls);  commit;  fetch c1 into addr2,    sqltext,dreads,execs,pcalls;  end  loop;  close c1;  open c2;  fetch c2 into addr2, sqltext;  while (c2%found) loop  do_explain(addr2,sqltext);  fetch c2 into addr2, sqltext;  end  loop;  close c2;  end;  /    Rem Generate a report of index     usage based on the number of times  Rem a SQL statement using     that index was executed  select p.owner, p.name,     sum(s.executions) totexec  from sqltemp s,  (select distinct statement_id stid,     object_owner owner, object_name name  from plan_table where operation = 'INDEX') p  where s.addr = p.stid  group by p.owner, p.name  order by 2 desc;    Rem Perform cleanup on exit (optional)  delete from plan_table  where statement_id in  ( select addr from sqltemp );  drop table sqltemp;

关于这个脚本,有几个重要的地方需要注意,即它可能一起明显的开销,因此,应该在仔细地进行 权衡后才把它应用到繁忙的生产应用系统中区。

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