2004在职攻读硕士学位全国联考英语真题一

来源：公共管理硕士（MPA）发布时间：2012-07-14 公共管理硕士（MPA）辅导视频评论

PartⅡ Reading Comprehension (55minutes, 40points)
Directions： There are four passages in this part． Each of the passages is followed by five
Questions or unfinished statements． For each of them there are four choices marked A， B，C and D．Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET with a single line through the center．
Passage One
ln ancient Greek，the term euthanasia meant “easy death”．Today euthanasia(安乐死)
generally refers to mercy killing， the vo1untary(自愿)ending of the 1ife of someone who is
terminally ill．Like abortion，euthanasia has become a legal，medical，and moral issue over which opinion is divided．
Euthanasia can be either active or passive. active euthanasia means that a physician or other medical personnel takes an action that will result in death，such as giving an overdose of deadly
medicine． Passive euthanasia means letting a patient die for lack of treatment，or stopping the treatment that has begun．Examples of passive euthanasia include taking patients off a breathing
machine or removing other 1ife-supp on systems．Stopping the food supply is also considered
passive．
A good deal of the debate about mercy killing originates from the decision—making process．Who decides whether a patient is to die ?This issue has not been s01Ved 1egally in the
United States． The matter is 1eft to state law，which usually allows the physician in charge to
Suggest the option of death to a patient’s relatives，especially if the patient is brain dead．In an
Attempt to make decisions about when their own lives should end，several terminally i11patients in the early 1990s used a controversial suicide device，developed by Dr．Jack Kevorkian，to end their1ives．
In parts of Europe，the decision-making process has become very flexible．Even in cases
Where the patients are not brain dead，patients have been put to death without their approval at the
request of relatives or at the suggestion of physicians．Many cases of passive euthanasia involve
o1d people or newborn infants．The principle justifying this practice is that such individuals have
“1ife not worthy of life”．
In countries where passive euthanasia is not legal，the court systems have proved very tolerant in dealing with medical personnel who practice it in Japan，for example，if physicians follow certain guidelines they may actively carry out mercy killings on hopelessly ill people. Courts have also been some what to1erant of friends or relatives who have assisted terminally ill patients to die．

36． A terminally ill patient is one who_______
A． gets worse every day B． Can never get well again
C． is very seriously mill in the end D． is too ill to want to1ive on

37．The difference between active and passive euthanasia is whether______
A．there is an action that speeds up the death of the patient
B．the breathing machine is taken off the patient
C．an overdose of deadly medicine is used
D．the patient is denied food supply

38．According to the passage，who has /have the legal responsibility to decide on euthanasia?
A． The national or state government．
B． The patient’s relatives．
C． Physicians in Charge of the patient．
D． The answer varies from country to country．

39． The principle justifying passive euthanasia in Europe is that terminally i11 patients are______
A． 1iving a life without consciousness
B． 1iving a life that can hardly be called life
C． too old or too weak to live on
D. too old or too young to approve of euthanasia

40. The attitude of the writer toward euthanasia is
A. negative B. positive C. objective D. casual

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