Text Three

　　In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced. A good example of this is found in the kinetic molecular theory, in which gases are pictured as being made up of many small particles that are in constant motion.

　　A useful theory, in addition to explaining past observations, helps to predict events that have not as yet been observed. After a theory has been publicized, scientists design experiments to test the theory. If observations confirm the scientists' predictions, the theory is supported. If observations do not confirm the predictions, the scientists must search further. There may be a fault in the experiment, or the theory may have to be revised or rejected.

　　Science involves imagination and creative thinking as well as collecting information and performing experiments. Facts by themselves are not science. A the mathematician Jules Henri Poincare said: "Science is built with facts just as a house is built with bricks, but a collection of facts cannot be science any more than a pile of bricks can be called a house."

　　Most scientists start an investigation by finding out what other scientists have learned about a particular problem. After known facts have been gathered, the scientist comes to the part of the investigation that requires considerable imagination. Possible solutions to the problem are formulated. These possible solutions are called hypotheses.

　　In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown. It extends the scientist's thinking beyond the known facts. The scientist plans experiments, performs calculations, and makes observations to test hypotheses. For without hypotheses, further investigation lacks purpose and direction. When hypotheses are confirmed, they are incorporated into theory.

　　31. Which of the following is the main subject of the passage?

　　A. The importance of models in scientific theories.

　　B. The place of theory and hypothesis in scientific investigation.

　　C. The sorts of facts that scientists find most interesting.

　　D. The ways that scientists perform different types of experiments.

　　32. According to the second paragraph, a useful theory is one that helps scientists to

　　A. find errors in past experiments   

　　B. observe events

　　C. make predictions      

　　D. publicize new findings

　　33. Bricks are mentioned in paragraph 3 to indicate how

　　A. mathematicians approach science

　　B. building a house is like performing experiments

　　C. science is more than a collection of facts

　　D. scientific experiments have led to improved technology

　　34. In the fourth paragraph, the author implies that imaginations are most important to scientists when they

　　A. evaluate previous work on a problem

　　B. formulate possible solutions to a problem

　　C. gather known facts

　　C. close an investigation

　　35. In the last paragraph, what does the author imply is a major function of hypotheses?

　　A. Sifting through known facts

　　B. Communicating a scientist's thoughts to others

　　C. Providing direction for scientific research

　　D. Linking together different theories

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