Section III Reading Comprehension

　　Directions:

　　Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)

Text 1

　　The entrepreneur, according to French economist J.B. Say, “is a person who shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into an area of higher productivity and yield.” But Say’s definition does not tell us who this entrepreneur is. Some define the entrepreneur simply as one who starts his or her own new and small business. For our purposes, we will define the entrepreneur as a person who takes the necessary risks to organize and manage a business and receives the financial profits and nonmonetary rewards.

　　The man who opens a small pizza restaurant is in business, but is he an entrepreneur? He took a risk and did something, but did he shift resources or start the business? If the answer is yes, then he is considered an entrepreneur. Ray Kroc is an example of an entrepreneur because he founded and established McDonald’s. His hamburgers were not a new idea, but he applied new techniques, resource allocations, and organizational methods in his venture. Ray Kroc upgraded the productivity and yield from the resources applied to create his fast-food chain. This is what entrepreneurs do; this is what entrepreneurship means.

　　Many of the sharp, black-and-white contrasts between the entrepreneur and the professional have faded to gray color. Formerly, professionals such as doctors, lawyers, dentists, and accountants were not supposed to be entrepreneurial, aggressive, or market oriented. They were “above” the market-driven world. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, were the mavericks of society. They were risk-takers who aggressively sought to make something happen. Long hours were about all the two worlds had in common. However, increased competition, saturated markets, and a more price-conscious public have changed the world of the professionals. Today they need to market their skills, talents, and competencies. Lawyers advertise their services. Doctors specialize in one form of surgery. Accounting firms join with other businesses (e.g., consulting and law) to serve clients.

　　Entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors; searching for a specific personality pattern is very difficult. Some entrepreneurs are quiet, introverted, and analytical. On the other hand, some are brash, extroverted, and very emotional. Many of them share some qualities. Viewing change as the norm, entrepreneurs usually search for it, respond to it, and treat it as an opportunity. An entrepreneur such as Ray Kroc of McDonald’s is able to take resources and shift them to meet a need. Making the decision to shift resources works better if a person is creative, experienced, and confident.

　　41. According to the first paragraph, who can be regarded as an entrepreneur?

　　[A] The CEO of a big company.

　　[B] The owner of a profitable restaurant.

　　[C] A man who started a new kind of business.

　　[D] A successful salesman.

　　42. According to the text, the professionals .

　　[A] are quite different from entrepreneurs even now

　　[B] were considered to be enterprising and market-centered

　　[C] were price-conscious

　　[D] have to advertise themselves in nowadays

　　43. From the text, we learn that .

　　[A] an entrepreneur should be very extroverted

　　[B] an entrepreneur should be quick to seize opportunities

　　[C] change is not norm in an entrepreneur’s eyes

　　[D] the French economist J.B. Say is the first person who gave the definition of “entrepreneur”

　　44. The purpose of the author in writing the passage is to .

　　[A] complete the definition of entrepreneur

　　[B] tell the readers what is entrepreneur and the main characteristics of entrepreneurs

　　[C] show what kind of people can become entrepreneurs

　　[D] illustrate why Ray Kroc can become an entrepreneur

　　45. What will most possibly follow the text?

　　[A] An example of how an entrepreneur operates.

　　[B] Another theory about entrepreneurship.

　　[C] The bad effects of entrepreneurs.

　　[D] The good effects of entrepreneurs.

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