A) does not exceed that of programs C) varies over a large range than that of programs
B) is greater than that of programs D) is less than that of programs
2. Commercials create the sensation of loudness because ______.
A) TV stations always operate at the highest sound levels
B) Their sound levels are kept around peak levels
C) Their sound levels are kept in the middle frequency ranges
D) Unlike regular programs their intensity of sound varies over a wide range
3. Many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some kind because ______.
A) pop songs attract viewer attention
B) it can increase their loudness
C) advertisers want to make them sound different from regular programs
D) advertisers want to merge music with commercials
4. One of the reasons why commercials are able to attract viewer attention is that ______.
A) the human voices in commercials have more auditory impact
B) people like cheerful songs that change dramatically in sound quality
C) high – frequency sounds are used to mask sounds that drown out the primary message
D) they possess sound qualities that make the viewer feel that something unusual is happening
5. In the passage, the author is trying to tell us ______.
A) How TV ads vary vocal sounds to attract attention
B) How the loudness of TV ads is overcome
C) How advertisers control the sound properties of TV ads
D) How the attention – getting properties of sounds are made use of in TV ads
Passage two
In the United states, the need to protect plant and animal species has become a highly controversial and sharply political issue since the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act, designed to protect species’ living areas, and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests. In the 1990’s, for example, the woodcutters in the Western United States were challenged legally in their attempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains. The challenge was mounted to protect the endangered spotted owl(鹰), whose remaining population occupies these forests and requires the intact, ancient forest for survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs. After months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the woodcutters – and the owls – was still undecided in mid – 1992.