The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.
　　Commuter use of the new subway train is exceeding the transit company's projections. However, commuter use of the shuttle buses that transport people to the subway stations is below the projected volume. If the transit company expects commuters to ride the shuttle buses to the subway rather than drive there, it must either reduce the shuttle bus fares or increase the price of parking at the subway stations.~
　　Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underlie the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound, and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate its conclusion.
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　　Your Answer:
　　The author's conclusion is that in order to make more commuters ride the shuttle buses to the subway rather than drive there, the transit company must either reduce the shuttle bus fares or increase the price of parking at the subway stations. To illustrate this conclusion, the author points out that while commuter use of the new subway train is exceeding the projection, the use of shuttle buses is below the projected volume. Close scrutiny, however, reveals several logical flaws of this argument.
　　To begin with, the argument depends on the assumption that the bus fares and the price of parking are the only reasons that caused the little use of shuttle buses. However, this is not necessarily the case. The author fails to consider and rule out other criteria for determining the use of shuttle buses, such as the bus condition, service, scheduling and so forth. Lacking better evidence that the bus fares and the price of parking are the only attributes necessary to the less use of shuttle buses, it is entirely possible that such problem is caused by these factors rather than fares or parking price.
　　In addition, even with the assumption discussed above, the author's conclusion about the possible solution to this problem is still open to doubt. The author presents a false dilemma by imposing an either-or choice between reducing bus fares or increasing parking price, which are not mutually exclusive alternative. It is equally possible that the company could take the two actions at the same time, thus, make the result better. Furthermore, if the author is wrong in the assumption that bus fares and parking price are the only two possible causes of the problem, then the most effective solution might include other complex measures, for example, rescheduling, providing better service on the buses, repairing the buses to get better security condition.
　　In sum, the argument is logically flawed and therefore unwarranted as it stands. To bolster it, the author should provide more sufficient evidence that (1) the problem is caused only by shuttle bus fares and the price of parking at the subway station; (2) the company could only choose one solution between reducing bus fares and raising price of parking at the station; (3) there is no other solution to the problem rather than the two discussed above.
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