上篇回顾：有关金融风险投资的术语：二次上市

　　承销
　　为公司发行股票作承销人，这样的集团公司可能来自一个财团，实行风险共担，确保股票成功发行。股票承销由两种组织形式：最佳效果型和严格承诺型。第一种类型，承销人有购买股票的选择权、并有权决定是否出售股票，如果不成功，可以取消发行、并放弃一切费用。这种组织形式在投机性强的股票和新公司发行中应用较多。对后一种类型，承销人要买入发行者要发行的全部股票。

　　Underwriting
　　An investment banking firm acting as underwriter sells securities from the issuing corporation to the public. A group of firms may from a syndicate to pool the risk and assure successful distribution of the issue. There are two types of underwriting arrangements： best efforts and firm commitment. With best efforts, the underwriters have the option to buy and authority to sell securities, or if unsuccessful, may cancel the issue and forgo any fees. This arrangement is more common with speculative securities and with new companies.