Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

In 1924 American’ National Research Council sent to engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lignting__1__workers productivity. Instead, the studies ended __2___giving their name to the “Hawthorne effect”, the extremely influential idea that the very___3____to being experimented upon changed subjects’ behavior.

The idea arose because of the __4____behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to __5____of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6____what was done in the experiment; ___7_someting was changed ,productivity rose. A(n)___8___that they were being experimented upon seemed to be ____9___to alter workers’ behavior ____10____itself.

After several decades, the same data were _11__ to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store _12 __the descriptions on record, no systematic _13__  was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.    It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to__ 14__ interpretation of what happed.__ 15___ , lighting was always changed on a Sunday .When work started again on Monday, output __16___ rose compared with the previous Saturday and__ 17 __to rise for the next couple of days.__ 18__  , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers__ 19__ to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case , before __20 __a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect “ is hard to pin down.

1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted  [D] restored

2. [A] at  [B]up[C] with      [D] off

3. [A]truth   [B]sight    [C] act  [D] proof

4. [A] controversial    [B] perplexing    [C]mischievous   [D] ambiguous

5. [A]requirements     [B]explanations   [C] accounts   [D] assessments

6. [A] conclude    [B] matter[C] indicate     [D] work

7. [A] as far as     [B] for fear that   [C] in case that    [D] so long as

8. [A] awareness[B] expectation  [C] sentiment     [D] illusion

9. [A] suitable[B] excessive     [C] enough  [D] abundant

10. [A] about     [B] for[C] on    [D] by

11. [A] compared  [B]shown   [C] subjected   [D] conveyed

12. [A] contrary to  [B] consistent with [C] parallel with   [D] pealliar to

13. [A] evidence [B]guidance      [C]implication   [D]source

14. [A] disputable [B]enlightening   [C]reliable    [D]misleading

15. [A] In contrast     [B] For example   [C] In consequence [D] As usual

16. [A] duly     [B]accidentally   [C] unpredictably  [D] suddenly

17. [A]failed        [B]ceased      [C]started     [D]continued

20. [A]breaking [B]climbing   [C]surpassing     [D]hiting