一、判断题
　　Decide whether the following statements are True or False. Then put T for True or F for False in the brackets before each statement.判断下列表述的正误，并在正确的句子前的括号内标上T，在错误的句子前的括号内标F。
　　(1) CFR is the term when the consignment is delivered with all the charges up to arrival at the port of destination paid by the seller. ( )
　　(2) If the payment is to be made "30 days' sight", it means that the payment will have to be made 30 days after the issuing of this draft. ( )
　　(3) According to UCP 500, the credit should clearly indicate whether it is revocable or irrevocable. In the absence of such indication, the credit shall be deemed to be revocable. While UCP600 stipulates L/C should all be irrevocable. ( )
　　(4) Any modification to the offer, no matter how minor it is, will make the original offer invalid and thus it constitutes a new offer. ( )
　　(5) According to the rule in international trade, silence or lack of response to the offer will be considered an acceptance. ( )
　　(6) When the seller pays for the goods to be placed alongside the vessel on the quay or in lighters at the named port of shipment, the term is FOB. ( )
　　(7) A crossed check can only be paid to individuals instead of banks. ( )
　　(8) Under the terms FOB, CIF, and CFR, the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have been delivered on board the vessel, is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ships rail in the port of shipment. ( )
　　(9) Consequences of force majeure are all that the contract shall be terminated or cancelled. ( )
　　(10) In a documentary credit, terms such as "divisible", "assignable", and "transmissible" carry the same meaning and have the same effect as the term "transferable" and are interchangeably used with such a term. ( )
　　(11) Under CFR, the seller must pay the usual freight rate and any additional costs that arise en route. ( )
　　(12) As goods are cleared through customs, such documents as commercial invoice, export license, copy of sales contract and inspection certificate are usually made available to the customs officers. ( )
　　(13) A letter of credit is a conditional undertaking to make payment in the case of conformity. ( )
　　(14) When the charterer fails to load or unload the goods within the stipulated period of time, he has to pay demurrage to the shipowner. ( )
　　(15) In terms of systems of weights and measures, China adopts US system due to its being widely applied in the international trade. ( )
　　(16) "Gross for net" is often stipulated in the contract to indicate the weight of the less valued products is calculated by gross weight. ( )
　　(17) An arbitration award is final and binding upon both parities, therefore, if one party does not get satisfied with the award, it cannot refer the case to the court, so long as the arbitration procedures are legal. ( )
　　(18) Shipping note is a delivery or receipt note for particular consignment issued by the shipping company, and it does not need to conform to that on the invoice. ( )
　　(19) A packing list gives a list of the contents of a consignment, and is only attached to the Bill of Lading for the Ocean Transportation. ( )
　　(20) The exporter should give the importer a shipping advice to enable him to carry out his obligations stipulated in the contract in time. Otherwise the exporter would likely bear the losses incurred because of his failure to that. ( )
　　(21) When a letter of credit is confirmed, all of the risks are then borne by the confirming bank free of charge. ( )
　　(22) Under FOB terms, the seller should notify the buyer of the cargo readiness at least 30 days before the time of shipment so that the buyer can have enough time to charter ships and send them to the shipment port in time. ( )
　　(23) The credit is legally independent of the underlying transaction. ( )
　　(24) Containerization, the most form of physical international distribution, can substantially reduce costs and raise service quality in the international transit. ( )
　　(25) Air waybill is not only a receipt of the goods for dispatch and evidence of the contract of carriage between the carrier and the consignor, but also a title document. ( )
　　(26) Blank B/L requires no endorsement for the transfer of the blank bill; therefore, it is often used in international trade. ( )
　　(27) Pro forma invoice has legal status and its details are normally transferred to a commercial invoice. ( )
　　(28) Banks deal in documents and not goods, therefore, they are only concerned that documents presented appear on their face to comply with the terms and conditions of the documentary credits. ( )
　　(29) The importer will normally require the exporter to produce shipped on board B/L, for it provides better guarantee for both negotiating bank and the consignee. ( )
　　(30) Acceptance of the offer commits both the buyer and the seller to the given terms of the sales and constitutes a legally binding contract which cannot be amended unless both parties agree in a written form to make the changes. ( )
　　(31) A transferable credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to several other (second) beneficiaries for more than once. ( )
　　(32) To the seller, payment by D/P is much safer than by D/A. ( )
　　(33) Under DES, the seller is responsible for all expenses after the ship's arrival, including those of unloading, clearing customs, and inland freight. ( )
　　(34) General external risks include theft and pilferage, failure to deliver due to government restriction and leakage, breakage, etc. ( )
　　(35) As a back-to-back L/C is used, it is the responsibility of the second applicant (i. e. the exporter) to reimburse the bank for payments made under it, regardless of whether or not he himself is paid under the first credit. ( )
　　(36) Exporters always insist on payment by cash in advance when they are reading with old customers. ( )
　　(37) An acceptance can be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offeror before or at the same time with the acceptance. ( )
　　(38) If shipment fails to be made within the validity period of inspection certificate, the party concerned can ask that validity of the certificate to be extended automatically. ( )
　　(39) Unlike the bill of exchange, the promissory note has two parties: die maker and the payee. ( )
　　(40) In ocean marine insurance. FPA is the most restrictive cargo insurance cover under which no partial loss or damage is recoverable. ( )
　　(41) Special additional coverage, such as war risks, strikes and so on must he effected together with FPA, WA or AR. ( )
　　(42) According to international trade convention, under no circumstances can an offer be revoked once it is made by the offeror. ( )
　　(43) So far, documentary credits are the most ideal method of payment to provide security for both buyers and sellers. Therefore, in whatever conditions, L/C should the first consideration in the method of payment for transactions. ( )
　　(44) An issuing bank must always reimburse the advising bank if the latter pays the credit. ( )
　　(45) Premium is calculated upon the insurance amount and the rate, therefore, it cannot exceed the insured amount of goods. ( )
　　(46) Consignment note, the most important document for rail transport, is negotiable document that can represent the title to goods. ( )
　　(47) For terms marked with "W/M", the freight is to be calculated on the basis of either weight ton or measurement ton, subject to the high rate. ( )
　　(48) The more or less clause is a clause that stipulates that the quantity delivered can be more or less within certain extent (range). ( )
　　(49) All natural disasters and social disturbances can be universally taken as force majeure by all the countries in the world. ( )
　　(50) Land transportation Risk is almost equivalent to WPA, and All Risks for land transportation is almost equivalent to Marine All Risks. ( )