3.原因状语从句
1)because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由,着重点在从句,即because引出的从句为全句句意的中心所在。通常用于回答why提出的疑问,语气最强,除了特别强调外,该从句一般位于主句后面。
since表示对方已知的、无须加以说明的既成事实的理由。全句的中心在主句上,语气比because弱,译为“既然”。引出的状语从句一般放在句首。
as表示十分明显的原因,一般说明因果关系,着重点在主句,语气更弱,常译为“由于”。引出的状语从句一般放在句首。
for 引出的分句,语气最弱,主要是补充说明原因,解释另外一个分句,且只能放在句子后部。
如:I didn’t go abroad with her because I couldn’t afford it.我没有和她一起出国是因为费用太高。
Since traveling by air is much faster, they decided to take a plane.既然乘飞机旅行快得多,他们就决定坐飞机。
As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain.由于在下雪,我们就不爬山了。
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚准下雨了,地面是湿的。
2)now that, seeing that, considering that, in that表示鉴于,由于。in that只能放在主句之后。
如:Now that you have passed your test, you can drive on your own.你驾驶考试既然已经合格,就可以独自开车了。
Seeing that the weather is bad, we’ll stay at home.由于天气不好,我们要呆在家了。
I am in a slightly awkward position, in that he’s not arriving until 10th.我的处境有点难堪,因为他要十号才来。
4.条件状语从句
1)if (如果),unless(除非); unless相当于if not.
如:I will buy a computer if I am able to save up enough money. 如果我能存下足够的钱,我就买台电脑。
Unless the weather was bad, my father always used to take a walk in the evening.除非天气不好,我的父亲晚上总是去散步。
2)suppose/supposing that, provided/providing that(假如)
如:Supposing that it rains, can we play the match indoors?要是下雨,我们在室内比赛行吗?
Iwill agree to go provided that my expenses are paid.假如为我负担费用,我就同意去。
5.让步状语从句
although, though引导让步状语从句,主句不能用 “but”.
如:Although they lack official support, they continue their struggle.他们虽然没有得到官方的支持,但仍然继续奋斗。
as虽然,尽管。引导让步状语,常放在作表语、状语的形容词、名词、副词后面。
如:Strong as you may be, you can not lift it. 尽管你可能很有力气,你却无法把他提起来。
Hard as he tried, he was unable to make much progress.他虽然竭尽全力,但是没有取得多大的进步。
6.目的状语从句
so that, in order that . 引导目的状语从句,从句的谓语常用can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would等情态动词。in order that可以位于主句的前面或后面。so that引导的从句只能放在主句之后。
如:They started early so that they might arrive in time.他们早点动身,以便准时到达。
In order that they could go around West Lake, they stopped at Hangzhou.为了游览西湖,他们在杭州停了下来。
7.结果状语从句
1)so …that; such…that表示“如此……以至于”
so 后面通常接形容词或副词。such后面通常为名词。如果名词前有many, much, 等修饰,要用so…that.
such+a/an+adj+单数名词+that可以换成so+adj.+a/an+单数名词+that
如:There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it later.现在剩下的时间不多了,我只只好以后再给你讲这事。
He told us such a funny story that we all laughed.
He told us so funny a story that we all laughed.
2003年第17小题:
It was ____that a hundred people looked lost in it .
A so a large room B a so large room C such a large room D such large a room
2) so that“以至于,所以”。引导的结果状语从句之前可以有逗号。
如:She phoned me on arrival so that I knew she was safe and sound.她到达之后给我打了电话,我知道她平安无恙。
注:so that可以引导结果状语从句也可以引导目的状语从句,除了根据句意来判断外,还可以根据结构形式来判断。若从句前有逗号,一般为结果状语从句。如果从句中有情态动词,一般则为目的状语从句。
如:They started out early, so that they did not miss the train.他们早早出发了,所以没有误了火车。(结果状语)
They started out early so that they would not miss the train.他们早早出发是为了不误火车。(目的状语)
8.方式状语从句
1)as(正如)引导方式状语从句
如:She enjoys all kinds of music, as I do.她各种音乐都喜爱,和我一样。
Why didn’t you catch the last bus as I told you to?你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢?
注:口语中like可以用作连词,当作as 使用。
如:Nobody understands him like /as I do. 没有人能像我这样理解他。
2)as if/though(好像)引导方式状语从句往往用虚拟,表示与事实相反。
如:They looked at me as if /as though I were mad.他们看着我好像我发疯了似的。
9.比较状语从句(在比较级结构中讲过)
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