短文听写的句子结构一般都比较复杂，如在不了解其内容的情况下直接听写，很难抓住其全部信息。因此，我们应该在听音前根据空格前后逻辑关系、上下文内容及短文整体脉落和内容对句子可能陈述的主题进行推测，从而在听音时可以更有效地抓取更多的信息。 
 
　　一、抓住文章和段落的主题句  
　　文章的开头或段首往往会出现主题句，之后的内容进一步展开，说明或论证该主题。抓住这些主题句，把握文章和段落的组织结构，有助于更好地理解文章或段落的意义，更容易把握所缺单词或句子的含义。  
【真题示例1】(05-1)  
There are a lot of good cameras available at the moment — most of these are made in Japan but there are also good  (S1)  models from Germany and the USA.……  
【解析】该句为整篇文章的开头，也是文章的主题句。由该句可推知，本文的主要内容应该是关于日本、德国和美国三个国家生产的不同类型照相机的介绍。  
【真题示例2】(04-6)  
The Library of Congress is America’s national library. It has millions of books and other objects. It has newspapers, (S1) publications as well as letters of (S2) interest. It also has maps, photographs, art (S3), movies, sound recordings and musical (S4) . Altogether, it has more than 100 million objects.  【解析】该段为整篇文章的首段，段首句即为全文的主题句，由此可知本文是关于美国国会图书馆的介绍。而紧接着一句则为该段的主题句。由其可知，接下来的内容应该是介绍国会图书馆馆藏的主要内容。  

　　二、段落首尾处空格往往为主题或总结  
　　段落的开头或结尾往往起到承上启下的作用，常为主题或总结性的内容，因此应注意根据上下文的细节内容进行总结，推测段首或段尾空格处可能表达的内容。  
【真题示例3】(03-1-S8)  
Big, high-tech fleets (S6) ____ that everything in their path is pulled out of water. Anything too small, or the wrong thing, is thrown back either dead or dying. That’s an (S7)____of more than 20 million metric tons every year. (S8) ______________________________.  
【解析】S8处所缺句子为该段最后一句，应起承上启下作用。根据前句含义和下段举例，此处很可能是进一步说明前句中的惊人数量和问题的严重性。S8答案为When you consider that equals a quarter of the world’s catch, you begin to see the size of the problem。  
【真题示例4】(03-1-S10)  
In some parts of the world, for every kilogram of prawns (对虾) caught, up to 15 kilograms of unsuspecting fish and other marine wildlife die, simply for being in the wrong place at the wrong time. 
True, (S9) ______________________________, before every ocean becomes a dead sea.  
(S10) ______________________________, then catch them in a way that doesn’t  
kill other innocent sea life.  
【解析】then catch them说明S10处所缺句子表示的应是捕鱼之前应该怎么做。而前一段是关于拯救海洋生物的措施也提示这里应该是讲具体应该怎么来捕鱼。而且，本句为文章的末句，因此应该是带有总结性的内容或建议性的措施。S10答案为It would make sense to give the fish enough time to recover, grow to full size and reproduce。   

　　三、理清句子间的逻辑关系  
　　作者在组织篇章和段落时，经常会使用一些表达逻辑关系的词或短语，如顺承关系、因果关系、对比关系、转折关系等。通过分析句子结构，把握这些关键词，理清句子间的逻辑关系，可以推测所缺句子所表达的大致含义，从而在听音时更准确地抓取有效信息。  
【真题示例5】(05-1-S8)  
It is a good Japanese camera, easy to use.  (S8) ______________________________ whereas the American versions are considerably more expensive.  【解析】文章提到Japan，Germany，the USA三国的照相机，空前Japanese和空后American，以及连词whereas（表对比）提示本句描述的应是German的类型，此处是三国照相机之前的对比。前后句中use, expensive和weigh提示所填内容应与照相机的使用、价格和重量有关。本空答案为Equivalent German models tend to be heavier and slightly less easy to use。  

　　四、根据前后句意推测空格处内容  
　　利用句子前后意思的连贯性，我们可以通过上下文所讲述的内容来推测空格所在句的大概内容，这样可以使听音更有针对性。  
【真题示例6】(03-1-S9)  
In some parts of the world, for every kilogram of prawns(对虾) caught, up to 15 kilograms of unsuspecting fish and other marine wildlife die, simply for being in the wrong place at the wrong time.  True, (S9) ______________________________, before every ocean becomes a dead sea.  
【解析】true意为“诚然”，通常表示转折之前的肯定（True, …, but…），而before …a dead sea提示我们此处可能是讲关于拯救海洋生物的措施。本空答案为some countries are beginning to deal with this problem, but it’s vital we find rational ways of fishing。