Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed  1   over the centuries.During the 1950's and 1960's especially, increased attention has been devoted to  2   the reading process.   3    specialists agree that reading  4   a complex organization of higher mental    5   , they disagree   6    the exact nature of the process.Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds,    7   reading as simply the decoding of symbolssintosthe sounds they stand   8   .
　　These authorities  9   that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process.Others maintain that reading is  10    related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without  11   their meaning is not truly reading.The reader,  12  some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who   13   reads.
　　Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its  14   .By some expert they would not be  15   as readers.Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one use.By the most  16   and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to  17   the sound-symbols code of the language, to interpret meaning for various 18  , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do  19  widely and enthusiastically.   20   reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.
　　1.
　　A.substantively
　　B.substantially
　　C.substitutively
　　D.subjectively
　　2.
　　A.define and describe
　　B.definition and description
　　C.defining and describing
　　D.have defined and described
　　3.
　　A.Although
　　B.If
　　C.Unless
　　D.Until
　　4.
　　A.involves
　　B.involves to
　　C.is involved
　　D.involves of
　　5.
　　A.opinions
　　B.effects
　　C.manners
　　D.functions
　　6.
　　A.of
　　B.about
　　C.for
　　D.into
　　7.
　　A.view
　　B.look
　　C.reassure
　　D.agree
　　8.
　　A.by
　　B.to
　　C.off
　　D.for
　　9.
　　A.content
　　B.contend
　　C.contempt
　　D.contact
　　10.
　　A.inexplicably
　　B.inexpressibly
　　C.inextricably
　　D.inexpediently
　　11.
　　A.interpreting
　　B.saying
　　C.explaining
　　D.reading
　　12.
　　A.like
　　B.for example
　　C.according to
　　D.as
　　13.
　　A.sometimes
　　B.might
　　C.practical
　　D.actually
　　14.
　　A.entire
　　B.entirety
　　C.entirely
　　D.entity
　　15.
　　A.classed
　　B.granted
　　C.classified
　　D.graded
　　16.
　　A.inclusive
　　B.inclinable
　　C.conclusive
　　D.complicated
　　17.
　　A.break up
　　B.elaborate
　　C.define
　　D.unlock
　　18.
　　A.purposes
　　B.degrees
　　C.stages
　　D.steps
　　19.
　　A.such
　　B.so as
　　C.so
　　D.such as
　　20.
　　A.By the way
　　B.In short
　　C.So far
　　D.On the other hand