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Passage 16
Where do pesticides fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil, water, and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world?
We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides are very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.
Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. “Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs,” says a wise physician, Dr. Rene Dubos, “yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed.”
76. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence “Man, …is part of nature.” (Line 3-4, Para.1)?
A) Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature
B) Man acts as if he does not belong to nature
C) Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution
D) Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental protection
77. What is the author’s attitude to wards the environmental effects of pesticides?
A) Pessimistic B) Indifferent C) Defensive D) Concerned
78. In the author’s view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of pesticides___
A) is not the worst of thenegative consequences resulting from the use of pesticides
B) now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths
C) has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention
D) is unavoidable because people can’t do without pesticides in farming
79. People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemicals because______
A) limited exposure to them does little harm to people’s health
B) the present is more important for them than the future
C) the danger does not become apparent immediately
D) humans are capable of withstanding small amounts of poisoning
80. It can be concluded from Dr Dubos’ remarks that_______
A) people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with
B) attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatal
C) diseases with obvious sighs are easy to cure
D) people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides



Passage 16
杀虫剂是怎么令人想到环境疾病的呢？我们已经目睹了它们在污染土壤、水与食物，令小溪中再也没有鱼儿，令我们的花园和林地不再有鸟鸣而陷入沉寂。（７６）而人类不论怎样想伪装成相反的事物，仍是自然的一部分。人们能够逃开如今彻底遍布全世界的污染吗？
（７８）我们知道即便是只是暴露在这些化学品中，只要数量够大，就会引起极为严重的中毒。但这不是主要问题。农民、农场工人及其他接触足够量杀虫剂的人会突然发病或者死亡，（７７）这是很令人难过的事，不应该发生。对于人口整体来说，我们必须更加关注吸收少量杀虫剂的潜在后果，它们正在不知不觉地污染我们的世界。
负责公众健康的官员已经指出（７９）化学品的生理影响会经过较长的时期累积下来，而它对个体危险则取决于一生中与其接触的多少。正是由于这些原因，危险很容易被忽视。人类的本性就是不理会看似在将来会造成灾难的威胁。“人们自然地对那些有明显症状的疾病印象最深，”明智的内科医生Rene Dubos博士说，（８０）“然而有些最可怕的敌人却在不知不觉中慢慢地来到了身边。”
７６、下列哪个选项与“而人类……自然的一部分”（第一段第３－４行）这句话的意思最接近？
A) 人对自然界中发生的事情漠不关心
B) 人的行为好像他不是自然界的一部似的。
C) 人可以避免环境污染的后果
D) 人可以推卸他对环境的责任
７７、作者对杀虫剂造成的环境后果持什么态度？
A)　悲观的　　　B)　漠不关心的　　　C)　防御的　　D)　关注的
７８、作者认为，由于暴露在大量杀虫剂中而引起的突然死亡_________
A) 并不是由使用杀虫剂引起的负面影响中最糟的
B) 目前在所有意外死亡中最为常见
C) 已经迅速增加，从而成为公众关注的焦点
D) 不可避免，因为人们在耕作时不能不使用杀虫剂
７９、人们比较容易忽略与化学品接触造成的潜在后果，因为_______
A) 在一定限度内的接触对人的健康没什么影响
B) 对他们来说眼前比将来更重要
C) 危险没有立刻显现出来
D) 人类能够忍受小剂量的中毒
８０、由Dubos博士的话可以总结出________
A) 人们发现觉察不到的疾病很难对付
B) 由隐藏的敌人发起的袭击很容易致命
C) 征兆明显的疾病容易治愈
D) 人们容易忽视杀虫剂引起潜在危险