非谓语动词
　　近几年的语法测试中非谓语动词约占31。1%，平均每年近5道题，可谓是语法项目考查的重点，那么非谓语动词的考查都有哪些特点，解答时又应注意些什么呢?下面我和大家就一起来分析一下：
　　1、非谓语动词考查特点
　　1) 谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断
　　对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构，如：
　　all things ___ because of the snowstorm， many passengers could do nothing but take the train。
　　a。 had been canceled b。 have been canceled
　　c。 were canceled d。 having been canceled
　　四个选项中有三个是谓语动词，只有d是非谓语动词，只要同学们能判断出这里是非谓语动词做状语，则不用考虑时态的问题，答案自明。
　　2) 谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择
　　谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是四级语法测试中的一个题眼。如：
　　① i don‘t mind ____ the decision as long as it is not too late。
　　a。 you to delay making b。 you delaving making
　　c。 your delaying to make d。 you delay to make
　　② had i remembered ____ the windows， the thief would not have got in。
　　a。 to close b。 closing
　　c。 to have closed d。 having closed
　　③ your hair wants ______ 。 you‘d better have it done tomorrow。
　　a。 cut b。 to cut c。 cutting d。 being cut(1997。6)
　　这类题涉及三个方面：
　　谓语动词后应该接不定式还是动名词?
　　即可接不定式又可接动名词时，结构和意思上有何差别?
　　不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式?
　　3) 做定语的非谓语动词的选择
　　从近几年的考查情况来看，对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况：
　　(1)对一般概念的考查，而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。如：
　　① the project ____ by the end of 2000， will expand the city‘s
　　telephone network to cover 1，000，000 users。
　　a。 accomplished b。 being accomplished
　　c。 to be accomplished d。 having been accomplished
　　② if i correct someone， i will do it with so much good humd
　　and self-restraint as if i were the one ______。
　　a。 to correct b。 correcting
　　c。 having been corrected d。 being corrected
　　同学们只要掌握非谓语动词作定语的一般的规律，就可以判断①题答案为c，②题答案为d。
　　(2)对固定结构的考查，如：
　　① the professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his
　　arguments in favor of the new theory。
　　a。 to be based on b。 to base on
　　c。 which to base on d。 on which to base
　　② the pressure _____ causes americans to be energetic， but it
　　also puts them under a constant emotional strain。
　　a。 to compete b。 competing
　　c。 to be competed d。 having competed
　　①题为不定式做定语的固定形式，答案为d，②题为某些特定名词的定语结构，答案为a。在英语中有些名词，如动词变来的名词，形容词变来的名词，以及means， way， time， moment， reason等要求其后用不定式做定语，不定式没有体的变化。
　　4) 做状语的非谓语动词的选择
　　做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择，如：
　　① ______ the earth to be flat， many feared that columbus would fall off the edge of the earth。
　　a。 having believed b。 believing c。 believed d。 being believed
　　② _______ a teacher in a university， it is necessary to have at least a master‘s degree。
　　a。 to become b。 become c。 one becomes d。 on becoming
　　③ realizing that he hadn‘t enough money and ____ to borrow from his father， he decided to sell his watch。
　　a。 not wanted b。 no to want c。 not wanting d。 wanting not
　　④ ___ it or not， his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles。
　　a。 believe b。 to believe c。 believing d。 believed
　　从以上各题来看，考查的侧重点有：
　　(1)状语类别的判断
　　不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同，目的状语要求用不定式，如②。
　　(2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系
　　根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。
　　(3)非谓语动词的否定形式
　　not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前，如③。
　　(4) 独立成分
　　有些非谓语动词的使用不受与主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成 分只记忆即可。如：
　　generally speaking， judging from……， to tell the truth……， 等。