中国农业和农村的发展道路

China’s Agricultural and Rural Development

　　一、充分肯定农业农村发展的巨大成就

　　I. Great achievements in agricultural and rural development

　　我们党历来高度重视“三农”工作，特别是党的十六大以来，坚持统筹城乡发展，出台了一系列强农惠农富农政策，农业农村发展取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就。

　　The CPC has always placed great emphasis on its initiatives in regard to agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents. Committed to balancing the development of urban and rural areas, the Party has implemented a series of policies with a view to strengthening agriculture, benefiting rural residents, and allowing people in rural areas to prosper since the convening of its Sixteenth National Congress. These efforts have been met with remarkable advances in China’s agricultural and rural development.

　　粮食连年稳定增产，农林牧渔全面发展。我们坚持把加强农业作为全部工作的重中之重和宏观调控的重点，及时采取一系列强有力的举措。粮食产量实现了历史罕见的“八连增”，2011年达到11424亿斤，比2003年增加2810亿斤。其他主要农产品全面增产。农业结构不断优化，农业物质技术装备水平稳步提高。生态建设力度明显加大，森林资源和林业经济快速增长。

　　China’s grain output has grown steadily for consecutive years, and overall progress has also been made in farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. The development of agriculture is our number one priority and the key focus of our macro-control policies. On this basis, we have acted quickly to adopt a series of effective policies aimed at boosting agriculture. China’s national grain output has recorded eighth consecutive year of growth, which is a very rare achievement. Grain output reached 571.2 million tons in 2011, a whole 140.5 million tons greater than the output recorded in 2003. Increases have also been witnessed in the output of other major agricultural products in China. Moreover, the mix of agricultural produce in China’s agricultural sector has been further optimized, and the application of advanced technologies and equipment in agricultural production has been enhanced. In addition, we have stepped up our initiatives in ecological conservation by a considerable margin, leading to the rapid growth of forest resources and the forestry industry.

　　农民收入持续较快增长，生活水平显著提高。我们坚持把增加农民收入作为农村工作的中心任务，千方百计拓宽增收渠道。农民人均纯收入实现了连续多年较快增长，预计2011年为6900多元，比2002年增加4400多元，按可比价格计算年均增速达到7.9%。特别是2010年以来，出现城乡收入差距缩小的可喜迹象。农民吃穿住用等有了很大改善，日子越过越好。

　　Rural incomes have continued to rise rapidly, bringing about significant improvement in the living standards of rural residents. We have continued to regard the increasing of rural incomes as a core task of our initiatives in rural areas. On this basis, we have made every effort to create additional means of income for rural residents. The per capita net income of rural residents has increased steadily over the past several years, and is expected to have exceeded 6, 900 yuan in 2011. This represents a significant increase of more than 4,400 yuan over that recorded in 2002, and equates to an average annual increase of 7.9% according to comparable prices. On a particularly positive note, the income gap between urban and rural areas began to show signs of narrowing in 2010. Generally speaking, the living standards of rural residents have improved significantly, and are continuing to improve.

　　农村面貌加快改善，呈现和谐稳定的新气象。我们坚持把发展农村公共事业作为缩小城乡差距的重要抓手。持续加强农村基础设施建设，9年来，全国新建改建了272万公里的农村公路，解决了3.26亿农村人口的饮水安全问题，新增农村沼气用户3000多万户，改造农村危房460多万户。下决心补齐农村社会事业这个短板，目前免费义务教育惠及1.3亿农村学生，新型农村合作医疗覆盖97%的农民，农村最低生活保障制度覆盖5300多万人，新型农村社会养老保险试点覆盖60%的县、7800多万农民领取了养老金。农村基层组织和民主法制建设不断加强，社会治安持续好转，党群干群关系明显改善。

　　Rural areas have undergone transformation, presenting a portrait of harmony and stability. We have identified the development of public programs in rural areas as an important means of narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas. On this basis, constant efforts have been made to improve the state of infrastructure in rural regions. Over the past nine years, we have built and upgraded total 2.72 million kilometers of rural roads, brought safe drinking water to 326 million rural residents, supplied additional 30 million rural households with methane, and renovated dilapidated houses for over 4.6 million rural households. In addition, we have devoted efforts to making up for the deficiency of social programs in rural areas. As a result, compulsory education is available to 130 million rural students free of charge, our new rural cooperative medical care system covers 97% of the rural population, and over 53 million rural residents are included in the system of basic living allowances. Moreover, trials for a new type of pension insurance for rural residents have already been launched in 60% of China’s counties, with 78 million rural residents being eligible to receive pension payouts from the government. Constant progress has been made in the development of grassroots organizations and in the enhancement of democracy and the rule of law in rural areas. In turn, both public security and relationships between the Party and the public and between cadres and the general public in rural areas have been notably improved.

　　党的十六大以来这些年，是我国农业农村发生历史性巨变、农民得实惠最多的时期之一，“三农”发展进入又一个“黄金期”。农业农村发展的好形势，为我们战胜各种风险挑战奠定了坚实基础，为促进国民经济平稳较快发展提供了有力支撑，为保持社会和谐稳定作出了突出贡献。

　　The years since the convening of the Sixteenth National Party Congress represent a period in which huge historic changes have occurred to agriculture and rural areas and rural residents have enjoyed almost unprecedented tangible benefits. This period has been yet another golden era for the development of agriculture, rural areas and rural residents in China. In turn, the smooth development of agriculture and rural areas has laid down solid foundations for our efforts to overcome various risks, provided strong support for the steady and rapid development of the national economy, and made a significant contribution to the preservation of social harmony and stability.

　　农业农村工作历尽艰辛，取得的成就来之不易。这些年来，各种自然灾害特别是水旱灾害频繁发生，耕地数量不断减少，农业劳动力大量转移，农业生产成本持续攀升，农业国际竞争压力加大。在这种情况下，农业农村发展能够保持好局面，最根本的原因是中央政策对头、措施得力。我们确立了把解决好“三农”问题作为全党工作重中之重的战略思想，制定了工业反哺农业、城市支持农村和多予少取放活的指导方针，明确了在工业化城镇化深入发展中同步推进农业现代化、加快形成城乡经济社会发展一体化新格局的根本要求。我们提出了走中国特色农业现代化道路的基本方向，部署了加快发展现代农业、建设社会主义新农村的战略任务。我们积极调整国民收入分配格局和城乡利益关系，把基础设施建设和社会事业发展的重点转向农村，把国家财政新增教育、卫生、文化等事业经费和固定资产投资增量主要用于农村，让公共财政的阳光更多地照耀到农村。我们坚持不懈推进农村改革创新，在一些关键环节上取得了重大突破。这些年，我们集中力量，办了很多事关农业农村长远发展的大事、关系农民切身利益的好事，很多具有划时代和里程碑意义。

　　Our hard-won achievements are the result of our enduring dedication to agricultural and rural initiatives. China has suffered from frequent natural disasters over recent years, especially droughts and floods. At the same time, we have also been confronted with problems such as the loss of arable land, the transfer of the rural labor force, rising agricultural production costs, and the increasing pressure of international competition in agriculture. In spite of these circumstances, however, China has been able to keep its agricultural and rural development steadily on track. The fundamental reason for this is that the central government has adopted the right policies and taken effective measures. At the strategic level, we have identified the resolution of problems in regard to agriculture, the countryside and rural residents as the number one priority in the agenda of the entire Party. On this basis, we have formulated the policies of nurturing agriculture through industry, supporting the countryside through urban initiatives, and increasing investment, relieving burdens, and loosening constraints. At the same time, we have also identified the fundamental requirement of promoting the modernization of agriculture in step with industrialization and urbanization and accelerating the integration of economic and social development in urban and rural areas. We have defined a path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics as our basic approach, and outlined the strategic tasks of accelerating the development of modern agriculture and building a new socialist countryside. To accomplish these tasks, we have taken active steps to adjust national income distribution and balance the interests of urban and rural areas. The focus of infrastructure development and social programs has been shifted towards rural areas, and a major proportion of additional government investment in education, health, culture, and fixed assets has been allocated to rural areas, thereby allowing rural areas to benefit more from public finance. We have also made unremitting efforts to promote reform and innovation in rural areas, leading to major breakthroughs in certain key aspects. In recent years, we have focused our efforts on resolving issues affecting the long-term development of agriculture and rural areas as well as the immediate interests of rural residents. In many cases, these efforts have led to milestone achievements.