In the morning of March 14, 2012, the press conference of the 5th session of the 11th NPC was held in the Great Hall of the People. Premier Wen Jiabao, at the invitation of NPC session’s spokesperson Li Zhaoxing, met with Chinese and foreign press and took their questions.

　　十一届全国人大五次会议新闻发言人 李肇星：女士们、先生们，上午好。我们高兴地邀请到温家宝总理与中外记者见面，并回答大家提问。现在先请温总理讲话。

　　国务院总理 温家宝：记者朋友们，这是我在两会之后最后一次同大家见面了。我要感谢多年来记者朋友们对于中国改革和建设事业的关注。今年可能是最困难的一年，但也可能是最有希望的一年。人民需要政府的冷静、果敢和诚信；政府需要人民的信任、支持和帮助。面对国际金融危机和欧债危机的蔓延、发展，关键是把我们自己的事情办好。我将在最后一年守职而不废，处义而不回，永远和人民在一起。

　　Wen Jiabao: Friends of the press, this is the last time for me to meet you after the NPC and CPPCC sessions. I’d like to thank you for your long term interest in China’s reform and development. This year might be the most difficult yet probably the most promising year. People need their government to be calm, resolute and trustworthy and government needs people’s trust, support and help. In the face of deepening international financial crisis and the European debt crisis, it most important that we run our own affairs well. In my last year of office, I will not waiver in carrying out my duties and will remain true to my conviction. I will always be with the people.

　　我愿意回答大家的问题。

　　Now I’m ready to take your questions.

　　新华社记者：总理，您好，我是新华社记者，也是中国新华新闻电视网的记者。今年是本届政府任期的最后一年，请问总理，您如何评价自己的工作？谢谢总理。

　　Xinhua News Agency: Mr. Premier, I’m from Xinhua News Agency and xinhuanet.com. This year is the last year of the term of this government. How do you evaluate your work?

　　温家宝：我担任总理已经9年了，这些年过得不易，也不平凡。但我总觉得还有许多工作没有做完，许多事情没有办好，有不少遗憾。我懂得政府的一切权力都是人民赋予的，我所做的工作都是应尽的责任。我为能做人民的公仆而为人民办些实事而感到欣慰。我真诚希望，我，连同我这一生，给人民做的有益的事情，人民都把他忘记，并随着我日后长眠地下而湮没无闻。

　　Wen: I have served as premier for nine years. They have been nine difficult but extraordinary years. I always feel that much work remains to be finished and many things to be properly addressed and that there are many regrets. I understand that all the power of the government comes from the people and every piece of work that I have done for the people during my term of office is only the fulfillment of my due responsibilities. I feel truly encouraged and happy that I have those opportunities to serve the people as a public servant. I sincerely hope that people will forget me and all the concrete things I have done for them will fall into oblivion as one day I will go to my eternal rest.

　　由于能力所限，再加上体制等各方面的原因，我的工作还有许多不足。虽然没有因为不负责任而造成任何一件事情上的失误，但是作为国家最高行政机关的负责人，对于我在任职期间中国经济和社会所发生的问题，我都负有责任。为此，我感到歉疚。

　　Due to incompetent abilities as well as institutional and other factors, there is still much room for improvement in my work. Although I have never committed any intentional mistake in my work caused by irresponsibility, as the head of the top executive body of the country, I should assume responsibility for the economic and social problems that have occurred during my term of office, for which I feel truly sorry.

　　在最后一年，我将像一匹负轭的老马，不到最后一刻绝不松套。努力以新的成绩弥补我工作上的缺憾，以得到人民的谅解和宽恕。入则恳恳以尽忠，出则谦谦以自悔。我将坚守这个做人的原则，并把希望留给后人。我相信，他们一定会比我做得更好。

　　In my last year of office, I will be as committed as ever like an old skate and make my utmost efforts to serve the people, make up for the shortfall in my work with new achievements and win people’s understanding and forgiveness. When one is in office, he should discharge his duty conscientiously and when leaving office, he should conduct himself with humility and exercise self reflection. I will adhere to this principle to conduct myself and place hope on the next generation. I believe they will perform better than me.

　　我秉承“苟利国家生死以，岂因祸福避趋之”的信念，为国家服务整整45年，我为国家、人民倾注了我全部的热情、心血和精力，没有谋过私利。我敢于面对人民、面对历史。知我罪我，其惟春秋。

　　I have devoted 45 years of my life to the service of this country and remain committed to the conviction that I shall dedicate myself to the interest of the country in life and death irrespective of personal weal and woe. I have always devoted myself to the country and the people with strong passion and energy and never pursued personal gains. I have the courage to face the people and the history. There are people who will appreciate what I have done, but there will also be people who criticize me. Ultimately, history will have the final say.

　　美国全国广播公司记者：我是美国全国广播公司的记者。得益于较好的国际环境和贸易体系，过去的十年，是中国经济发展最快的十年。在您任期的最后一年，特别是考虑到不久前在波士顿的国际码头工人协会向您授予奖项，如果您只能做一件事来使中美经贸关系实现再平衡，为更多的美国工人创造就业机会，您将会做什么事？ 有些批评人士表示中国扭曲了国际竞争，使贸易对自己有利，您是否会考虑改革中国的贸易体系？

　　NBC: Overall last ten years have seen China’s fastest economic growth thanks in part to the benign international environment and trading system. With due respect, Premier Wen, in your last year of office, if you would have one thing that you are allowed to do to balance the US-China economic relationship that can create American jobs, for example considering the award bestowed to you recently in Boston by the International Longshoremen’s Association, then what’s it that you would like to do? Would you consider for example reforming China’s trade regime that some American critiques say distorts global competition in China’s favor?

　　温家宝：最近美国码头工人协会授予我一个“美国工人之友奖”，这个奖与其说是授予我的，不如说是中美经贸互利共赢的一个范例。

　　Wen: Recently, the International Longshoremen’s Association in the US gave me the Award of Best Friend of the American Workers. Although I am the recipient of the award, I would rather see this award as a strong example showing that the business relations between China and the US are mutually beneficial.

　　记者先生提到，如果我做一件事能够缓解中美贸易的不平衡，那么我选择哪一件事情。其实这个问题我已经深思熟虑很久了，并且在2009年和2011年两次同奥巴马总统做了深谈。我以为解决中美贸易的不平衡，以及由此引起的各种困难和摩擦，还是要通过合作的办法。因此，我比较完整地提出了关于促进中美经贸、金融与投资合作的一揽子计划的建议。它包括：进一步发展中美之间的双向贸易。中国扩大美国产品的进口，美国要开放美国产品的出口，取消限制。其次，加强双向投资。两国应该为投资创造有利条件，并实行投资保护。第三，加强两国在新能源、新材料、节能环保、航天航空等高科技领域的合作，开辟新的合作领域。第四，加强基础设施建设的合作，并使这种合作与金融合作相联系。就是说中国将投资美国的基础设施建设，而扩大美国工人的就业。这是一举双得的事情。

　　If there was only one thing that I can do to ease the China-US trade imbalance, what will it be? In fact, I have been thinking about this question for a long period of time. In 2009 and 2011, I exchanged in-depth views with President Obama on this topic. To ease the bilateral trade imbalance and resolve the difficulties and frictions of the business relations between the two countries, we should rely on cooperation. For that purpose, I have put forward a package of proposals on promoting the bilateral business, financial and investment cooperation. The following are the main content of my proposals: first, further enhance the two-way trade between China and the US. China should import more from the US and the US needs to ease restrictions on exports to China. Second, increase mutual investment. The two countries should create favorable conditions for investment and agree on investment protection. Third, reinforce cooperation in high-tech fields, including new energy, new materials, energy conservation, environmental protection and aviation so as to expand areas of cooperation. Fourth, step up cooperation on infrastructure construction and link such cooperation with financial cooperation. It means that China will invest in infrastructure construction in the US, which will create job opportunities for local American workers. It is a win-win outcome.

　　奥巴马总统非常重视我的建议，双方已经就此进行研究。我相信合作比对抗好，只要循着这条正确的路子走下去，中美经贸关系会走上一条健康、持久发展的道路。

　　President Obama took my proposals very seriously and competent authorities of the two sides are making relevant studies. I believe that cooperation is always better than confrontation. So long as we move in the right direction, the business relations between china and the US will enjoy sustained and sound growth.

　　至于你说到美国关心中国贸易体系改革的问题，如果讲得明确一点，主要指三个问题：第一，就是进出口的基本平衡。我可以明确地告诉你，在2011年中国经常性账户占GDP的比重已经达到2.8%，小于3%的国际公认标准。也就是说在国际收支和货物贸易上，中国已经实现了基本平衡。第二，汇率，这是美国关注的。从2005年汇改以来，中国实际有效汇率已经提高30%。请记者先生注意一种现象：从去年9月份开始，在香港市场无本金远期交割，也就是所谓NDF，开始双向波动。这就告诉我们，中国的人民币汇率有可能已经接近均衡水平。我们将继续加大汇改的力度，特别是较大幅度地实行双向的波动。第三，我们将坚持多哈回合的原则，主张自由贸易、反对保护主义。谢谢。

　　As to your question concerning the reform of China’s trading system, I would like to elaborate on three issues. First, basic balance of import and export. I would like to tell you clearly that in 2011 China’s current account surplus to GDP dropped below 2.8%, lower than 3% which is the internationally accepted reasonable level. That is to say, China has achieved a basic balance of international balance of payments and trade in goods. Second, exchange rate about which the US is concerned. Since we launched the reform of exchange rate formation mechanism in 2005, the real effective exchange rate of the Chinese currency has appreciated by 30%. I would like to draw your attention to a phenomenon. Since September last year, the RMB exchange rate has started two-way fluctuations on the Hong Kong NDF market. It shows that the RMB exchange rate might have reached an equilibrium level. We will press ahead with the RMB exchange rate reform, and in particular will promote two-way fluctuations. Third, we will adhere to the purpose of the Doha round of talks, support free trade and oppose protectionism.

　　台湾《中国时报》记者：总理，您好，我是台湾《中国时报》记者。我想今天请教的问题是在过去四年两岸实现了三通直航，有关人员往来和经贸交流合作取得了历史性的高峰。过去台湾媒体评价认为，过去四年大概是两岸关系60年来最稳定、最和平发展的四年。未来四年可能要延续这样发展机遇。在今年政府最后任期一年里面，您所期待两岸文化交流前景是什么样的状况？在去年6月份，您提到过的《富春山居图》在台湾展出，不晓得您当时的心情是什么样的？今天大家很关心在明年3月你退休以后有没有可能到台湾自由行？

　　Taiwan China Times: Over the past 4 years, the two sides of the Taiwan Straits have achieved three direct links and direct flight and their business exchanges and people-to-people contacts have reached a historical high. The Taiwan media believe that the past 4 years probably witnessed the most stable and peaceful development of relations across the Taiwan Straits of the past 60 years. Such development opportunities will possibly continue in the next four years. In your last year of office, how do you see the prospects of the cross-Straits cultural exchanges? When you mentioned the exhibition of the Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains in Taiwan June last year, how did you feel at that moment? We are very interested to know whether you plan to travel to Taiwan after you retire in March next year.

　　温家宝：我已经连续10年在这个场合谈台湾问题了，每一次心情都很不平静。我很高兴地看到，去年两岸同胞交往更频繁，感情更融洽，关系更紧密。“九二共识”和两岸关系的政治、经济、文化和民意基础更牢固。如果说在本届政府最后一年，在促进两岸关系和平发展，特别是在加强经贸关系方面再做一点什么实事。我首先考虑的是，要加快ECFA的后续谈判。在加强两岸经贸交往当中特别要照顾台湾中小企业、弱势产业和基层群众的利益，尤其是中南部群众的利益。两岸的金融合作会有进一步的发展，包括推进银行结算体系的合作，鼓励两岸银行相互参股，为支持经贸合作发挥金融的作用。对于台资在大陆的企业，我们要给予特别的关心，创造条件帮助他们转型升级、扩大内销市场。

　　Wen: It is the tenth year in a row that I address the Taiwan question on this occasion and each time I am filled with strong emotions. I am glad to see that last year the two sides of Taiwan Straits enhanced exchanges and compatriots across the Straits became closer to each other. The political, economic and cultural foundation and the popular support for the 1992 consensus and the cross-Straits relations have been strengthened. To take concrete measures to promote the peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and especially enhance the bilateral business relations in the last year of my term of office, I would like first of all to accelerate the ECFA follow-up negotiations. When strengthening the cross-Straits business ties, we will pay special attention to the interests of small and medium-sized businesses, industries in a disadvantaged position and the grassroots people in Taiwan, particularly the interest of people in central and southern Taiwan. We will further promote the cross-Straits financial cooperation. Measures will include boosting the cooperation of banks’ currency settlement system and encourage banks of the two sides across the Straits to hold equity in each other so that banks can play their role in supporting business cooperation. We will pay particular attention to the Taiwan-invested companies on the mainland and create conditions for them to transform and upgrade themselves and expand the domestic market.

　　我2010年在这里讲了《富春山居图》的故事，精诚所致，金石为开。我高兴地得知，这幅分离很久的《富春山居图》终于在台北合璧展出，这反映出中华文化具有强大的向心力和震撼力。我虽不能至，但心向往之。我常想，难道几千年的文化恩泽就不能消弭几十年的政治恩怨？我真诚希望两岸进一步加强文化交流和人员往来。

　　In 2010, I told the story of the Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains. I believe that with utmost sincerity no difficulty is insurmountable. I’m glad to learn that the two pieces of the painting which have been separated for so long are finally put together on display in Taipei. It shows that the Chinese culture has strong cohesiveness and inspiration. I wish I could have been able to go and watch the display. I cannot help but ask why the several thousands of years of cultural bond cannot resolve the political grudges which have lasted for several decades. I sincerely hope that the two sides across the Straits will work together to promote cultural exchanges and people-to-people contacts.

　　至于我在退休以后能不能到台湾去自由行，坦诚地讲，我愿意去，但是还得看条件。不过请你转达对台湾人民的问候。我想起了台湾割让以后，台中有一位诗人叫林朝崧，他曾经写过一句诗，叫“情天再补虽无术，缺月重圆会有时”。我相信，只要全体中华儿女共同努力，祖国统一和民族振兴的大业一定能够实现，这是整个中国人的骄傲。谢谢。

　　As to whether I will travel to Taiwan after my retirement, to be honest, I’m willing to go if the conditions permit. I would like to ask you to convey my greetings to the Taiwan compatriots. I remember there was a poem written by a poet in central Taiwan named Lin Chaosong after Taiwan was ceded saying that "there’s no way to heal the wound in my heart, but there’s one day when the half moon becomes full again." I believe that with the joint efforts of all compatriots of the Chinese nation we will achieve the reunification and revitalization of the country, for that the entire Chinese nation will feel proud.