我们必须建立和实行领导干部问责制。

　　错误译文：

　　We must set up and carry out a leadership responsibility system.

　　正确译文：

　　We must set up and carry out a leadership accountability system.

　　翻译加油站：

　　responsibility system是“责任制”， 指“明确规定责任范围的管理制度”。

　　而“问责制”是accountability system， 指“对一切行为和后果追究责任的制度”。官员问责制是一种对政府及其官员的行为和后果追究责任的制度。Officials’s accountability is a system in which the government and its officials are held accountable for their actions and consequences.

　　“问责”的意思是“追究责任”，英语可以译为to hold sb accountable/answerable for sth, to call sb to account.

　　“被问责”，可以译为to be hold sb accountable/answerable for sth, to be called to account

　　英语accountable的意思是responsible for your actions and expected to explain them when you are asked.，即“对自己的行为负有责任，并有说明义务”。例如：

　　1、地方政府问责了这些失职官员。The local government called to account those wrongdoing officials.

　　2、这名官员因隐瞒重大食品安全事故而被问责。The official was held accountable for covering up a major food safety incident.