英译汉常用的方法和技巧(1)

　　第一节 词义的选择、引申和褒贬

　　一词多义（Polysemy）

　　regular

　　regular reading / regular job / regular flight / regular visitor / regular speed / regular army / gasoline

　　delicate

　　delicate skin / porcelain / upbringing / living / health / stomach / vase / diplomatic question / difference / surgical operation / ear for music / sense of smell / touch / food

　　注意有线词的词义

　　He once again imparted to us his great knowledge, experience and wisdom.

　　He now saw plainly the meaning of all. In the beginning, he had got a job the first day; but now he was second-hand, a damaged article, and they did not want him. They had got the best out of him, and now they had thrown him away. The situation had now become desperate. Then came another incident.

　　词义的引申(Extension or Generalization)

　　1) Extend the word meaning to cover an abstraction concept

　　His novel is a mirror of the times.

　　The OED is the final court of appeal in all matters concerning English words.

　　Sam knows he can depend on his family, rain or shine.

　　2) Extend the word meaning to cover a specific concept

　　In two years, he was a national phenomenon.

　　Public opinion is demanding more and more that something be done about noise.

　　Mary’s father, by his first marriage, had a daughter, Jane, Mary’s half-sister.

　　词义的褒贬(Commendatory and Derogatory)

　　The reckless driver died in the traffic accident.

　　Poor Joe’s panic lasted for two or three days; during which he did not visit the house.

　　It was time to hold a court and the subject for discussion was the future of that prisoner.

　　John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well.

　　The invaders met a stubborn resistance from the local people.

　　She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone.

　　Exercises

　　I have no opinion of that sort of man.

　　She put five dollars into my hand. “You have been a great man today.”

　　I’m afraid you’re being too particular about your food.

　　I was the youngest son, and the youngest but two.

　　The picture flattered her.

　　The country not agreeing with her, she returned to England.