为了帮助考生系统的复习2012年ACCA考试课程全面的了解ACCA考试教材的相关重点，小编特编辑汇总了2012年ACCA考试辅导资料，希望对您参加本次考试有所帮助！

parallel processing is the simultaneous performance of multiple operations, usually in reference to computer systems.

parity bit An extra bit added to a string of bits to increase the accuracy of data transmission.

password A sequence of characters required to gain access to a computer system. Passwords are used to restrict computer system access to only authorized persons.

payroll Department that determines amounts of wage or salary due to each employee.

peer review A practice monitoring program in which the working papers of one CPA firm are periodically reviewed by independent partners of other firms to determine that the working papers conform to the standards of the profession.

pending Legal proceedings not yet decided.

per diem An allowance for daily expenses. Often used to reimburse employees for estimated expenses as opposed to accounting for each small component of the expenses.

permanent audit working paper files include working papers related to matters of continuing accounting significance, such as the analysis of balance sheet accounts, and contingencies. Such information from a prior year is used by the auditor in the current audit and is updated each year. Sometimes referred to as the continuing file.

perpetrate Carry out an action such as a crime.

perpetual An inventory accounting system updated for each addition to inventory and each issuance from inventory so the records indicate the exact quantity on hand at any moment. The alternative is a periodic inventory system where actual inventory on hand is determined only once a year.

personal financial statements of individuals present assets and liabilities at estimated current value on an individual's balance sheet (statement of financial condition). A statement of changes in net worth presents major changes in net worth during a period. The accrual basis is used for assets and liabilities which are presented in order of liquidity and maturity, without classification as to current and noncurrent. The cash value of life insurance less the amount of loans against it is an asset. Deferred income tax on the difference between the income tax basis and estimated current values is presented between liabilities and equity.

personnel The department that maintains records of each individual's employment.

persuasive Having the power to influence. Most audit evidence is persuasive, but not conclusive.

pervasive Having the ability to permeate. An error is pervasive if it is material to more than one of the primary financial statements.

piecemeal opinion Expression of an opinion on an item in financial statements is not permitted as part of a disclaimer or an adverse opinion on the financial statements as a whole because piecemeal opinions tend to overshadow or contradict a disclaimer of opinion or an adverse opinion.

plan Audit planning is developing an overall strategy for conduct and scope of the audit. The nature, extent, and timing of planning vary with size and complexity of the entity, experience with the entity, and knowledge of the business. In planning the audit, the auditor considers the entity's business and its industry, its accounting policies and procedures, methods used to process accounting information, the planned assessed level of control risk, and the auditor's preliminary judgment about audit materiality levels.

pledge Something given as security to guarantee payment of a debt.

population size The number of items in the population from which a sample is drawn.